Kutholwe ama-Artefacts Werhawuda
Ogade kurara khulu, mirhabiso abamthole abulungwe nayo. Gade ambethe amabhengela werhawuda adlula ayi-100 engogoriyaneni, begodu iliba lakhe gade line mincamo eyi-12 000 yerhawuda enobudisi obumakhilogramu ayi-2.2 kanye nemincamo yerhalasi eyi-26 000. Abantu abamtholako kwafanela bona bathathe imikhgabiso leyo ngamathunga. Iliba lesibili eliqakathekileko bekungelendoda, nayo egade ibulungwe ihlezi, egade yembede umncamo webtanjeni owenziwe ngerhawuda kanye namagobolondo welwandle. Gade enzelwe nezinye izinto ezenziwe nge-foil yerhawuda enye yazo eyenziwe yafana nengwenya ezenzelwe ukobana ziditjhise indoda ngale kweliba.
Into edume khulu ebayitholako, mumuntu okungaziwa bona ubulili buphi ogade abulungwe nezinto zerhawuda ezintathu ezihle kwamanikelela: Iskotlelo (egade hleze sisetjenziswa njengomqhele nanyana into ethwalwa ehloko) intonga yobukhosi (nanyana isbhuku) kanye nobhejani werhawuda omncani. Kwatholwa nezinye iincephu zabobhejani berhuwuda emalibeni layo esentabeni, kodwana abantu egade bembaba khange batho bona bazitholaphi. Ngombana amanye amaliba entabeni leyo gade anganazo izinto ezligugu, kuqatjangwa bona amaliba amathathu la gade kungewabantu abaqakatheke khulu, naniana kungaziwa bonjani gade banobujamo obunjani emphakathini loyo. Umfazi owatholwa lapha ukwenza isibonelo, hleze gade angumma wesigodlweni, usesi, umfazi isangoma. Nanyana indlovukazi yeMapungubwe.
Itjhwayo Elaziwa Iphasi Loke
Nanyana ubhejani lo anephondo linye kwaphela (abanye abaqabanga bona ngubhejani womhlobo we-sumatran onephondo linye, okwenza bona indaba yabo le ikholweke.
Nangaphandle kokufana nokuqakatheka okusepepeneneni kwakabhejani werhawuda,kufanele kutjhejwe bona asazi kobana ubhejani lo gade alitjhwayo eliqakathekileko nanyana asibandana ezikhethiweko nesihlonitjhwa njengetjhwayo eliqakathekileko ebantwini beMapungubwe.
Imifanekiso yezinye iimbandana nayo itholiwe endundumeni le, begodu ubhejani kungenzeka bona gade kunguye yedwa olitjhwayo langokomoya.
Akusisemntarini godu bona irhawudeli lanqitjikiliswa lasetjenzwa endaweni leya, nanyana endaweni enye emafemu ekwenze indawo kurhulumende walapha. Nanyana kunjalo ubhejani werhawuda ongenye wezinto ezisemlandweni weAfrika engaze zajanyiselelwa begodu ngezinye zenkwenkwezi ezirherhako ezatholwa emnyuzamu yeMapungubwe.
Igugu Lomoya kanye Nelemali
Ukobana abantu beMapungubwe gade bahlonipha abantu ababhubhileko ngezinto zerhawuda kanye nemincamo kutjengisa bona irhawuda gade ingasasetjenziselwa ukurhweba kwaphela; gade abahlala sele bathole izinto abangazenza ngayo khona endaweni yabo, nokobana gade bayisebenzisela izinto zangokomoya kwesinye isikhathi bayisebenzisa njengemali. Nanyana kunjalo gade ukurhweba kuragela phambili hlangana kweMapungubwe kanje netlhagwini.Njengabantu beK2, abantu beMapungubwe gade barhweba ngegolide, nge-ivory, ngeenkhumba, ngekhopha kanye nangemincamo yerhalasi, egade bayisebenzisela ukwenza izinto zokurhabisa eziqakathekileko. Kutholwe imincamo eminengi emakhulukhuluu, kanye nama-discs aspara enziwe ngeqanda lenqiliba kanye nemincamo ephukako eyenziwe ngeminenke yehlabathini endaweni le. Ngelinye ilanga kutholwe ipoto ekulu ye-ceramic ezele swi emincamo erholweni eliseduze.
Amaqephe we-cowrie, egade kumhlobo wemali egade isetjenziswa kade, atholwa kwelinye iliba lebukhosini. Iincephu ezimbalwa ze-Chinese Celadon ceramics ephukako zatholwa khonapho endundumeni le, ekuqaleka inga gade ayincenye yesede ekhethekileko yendlovukazi. Amaphetheni wedaka avela kokuthoma eMapungubwe okutjho bona abantu beMapungubwe gade bazenzela wabo amatjhila. Igadoni gade imila la, kodwana i-technology yokuyiluka kufanele ukuba yathengwa kwezinye iinarha.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana