Izinto Ezabuthelelwa eMapungubwe

Incenye Yomnotho

©Roger de la Harpe

Iunivesithi yePretoria iphethe ama-artefacts amanengi atholwa eMapungubwe kanye neK2 bese kuthi amanye amancani ama-artefacts abese-Wits University. Ngekudana into engeze zajamiselelwa ezatholwa eMapungubwe neK2 zijamele incenye yomnotho weMapungubwe. Ngombana induduma le ikude nje, bekubudisi bekungasisemthethweni ukuthatha irhawuda ebathengisini abazijameleko. Ezinye izinto eJunivesithi yePretoria sele sibekwe samfuthi emqalisweni wemnyunizamu yeMapungubwe evulele umphakathi.
Enye yizinto ezirherha khulu emnyunizamu yeMapungubwe ngubhujani werhawuda. Intonga yobukhosi yerhawuda kanye nesikotlelo serhawuda. Intwezi zontathu zisehliziyweni zalokha u-Sian Tiley, akubiza ngokobana mqhele werhawuda weSewula Afrika. Kodwana ukubuthwa kwayo kuphethe okunengi ukudlula lokho. Ngombana irhawuda lithambile, limatofotofo nje abantu beMapungubwe gade bakghona ukulithisa balibumbe balenze izinto ezahlukahlukeneko.
Gade bathatha amatjhidi werhawuda bawabethe ngehamura bavale amaplanka abaziweko benze ngayo imirhabiso emihle ephazimako elangeni. Imincamo beyenziwa ngokuvula umgodi erhawudeni elimedwe laba yithosi. Intambo yerhawuda gade ifakwa lapho emathosinapho. Irhawuda gade kwenziwa ngalo amabhengeli kanye nezinye izinto zokuzirhabisa. Zoke intwezi zenziwe lapha begodu akunabufakazi bokobana imetheriyali le yavela kwezinye iinarha.

Imincamo Ehlanyisako

©Roger de la Harpe

Njengetestamende ye-industry yerhawuda yabantu abanzima, izintweni abazithola eMapungubwezi kubalwa nabobhejani ababili berhawuda egade bangakapheli, imizimba yeembandana embalwa, iimpikiri ezincani zerhawuda ezimakhulukhulu. Iinsalela zento yokubeka ihloko kanyeneminye imirhabiiso yerhawuda.
Amakhulukhulu wemincamo yerhawuda, atholwa erhatjheke emalibeni, kodwana kuqaleka inga ngaphambili gade abotjhwe eenhluthwini zeenkomo nanyana eempotweni egade zinamathuthumbo ukwenza bona zibe zihle khulu. Ukutjengisa abantu abakweriyileko amehlowengcondo wokobana ama-neckless la gade anjani, imnyunizamu sele yenze amanye.
Ekungezeleleni ekubeni nerhawuda, abantu beMapungubwe gade bahlanyiswa mncamo! Izinto abazithola eMapungubwe zinemakhulukhulu yemincamo yamarhalasi ebuya ephasini loke, imincamo emkhulu yengadi ebuya eK2, imincamo yamatje eyenziwe nge-calcite kanye ne-quartz, imincamo eyenziwe ngeqanda lenqiliba, imincamo eyenziwe ngamaqephe welwandle kanye nemincamo eyenziwe ngomneke.
Kukholwa bona imincamo gade ilitjhwayo lobujamo bepilo nokobana gade imibala ehlukene iqhaza izinto ezihlukeneko. Umbala omhlophe bekuqatjangwa bona ujamele ukucwenga, onzima wona ujamele abezimu, ohlaza ujamele imbeleko njalonjalo. Kukhona nemincamo ehlaza kwesibhakabhaka egade ibiza khulu esifundeni soke. Kade ngeminyaka yabo-1900 umsebenzi wemaplasini wathi eminye yemincamo le gade ibiza ikomo yinye.

Irhawuda kanye Nezinye Iinsimbi

©Roger de la Harpe

I-Ivory bekungenye yezinto ekurhwetjwa ngazo khulu. Amabhengela amanengi enziwe nge-ivory, kanye nemirhabiso eyatholwa eK2, gade ingasiminengi. Kuqaleka inga, abantu bebukhosini gade bangayithandi i-ivory begodu enengi yayo yathunyelwa etlhagwini.
Nanyana irhawuda gade litholwa kwaphela endundumeni yeMapungubwe, iindawo eziyizombelezileko gade zinama-artifacts weensimbi engasimahle njengerhawuda. Gade kunamalembe wesimbi, iinhloko zemiqibitjholo, iinhloko zemikhonto, amabhengeli, amahugu, iimpikiri kanye namabotjhefana egade bazele emiphakathini eminengi yakade. Amablogo werhawuda afakwe iimpikiri enziwe ngekhopha, amaVenda awabiza bona-masuku, nawo bawathola begodu kuqatjangwa bona ahlotjaniswa nezinto zangokomoya nezithengiswako.
Kwatholwa nezinto ezenziwe ngethusi ezimbalwa kodwana kuqatjangwa bona akusizo zalapha. Kuqatjangwa bona zinengi ezinye izinto ezatjhiywa lapha lokha abantu b afuduka eMapungubwe kodwana i-iron kanye ne-copper zonakala msinya kunerhawuda.

Zihle Begodu Ziyasebenza

Kwezinye izinto ezatholwako kubalwa: amathambo aphukako, iinalidi zokuthunga, imaphini wokubopha iinhluthu ezinziwe ngamathambo, izinto ezenziwe ngedaka zokurhabisa ezibabantu kanye neziyimbandana (ezatholwa khulu eK2): Iinqephu ze-Celadon ware yeChina; iinkotlelo ze-ceramic, iingobho, amapembe, amajege, iimpoto, amabhigiri nama-spindle whorls. Ngaphandle kwalokhu iintwezi ezisetjenziselwa khona, zivamise bona zenziwe zibe zihle zibe nejamo elihle kanye namagwala amahle ngaphandle. Engeze zabonakala zibiza evikilini le-Afro-chic homeware emporium.

Imiqhele Yejuweli Iyabuyiselwa

Kade, kade kunganalapha imiqaliso yeMapungubwe ibekwe khona safuthi, kodwana mvanje iJunivesithi yePitori sele yenze imiqaliso embalwa enarheni le yoke batjengisa ngazo, kodwana umphakathi gade ungangeni smahla lokha ufuna ukuzibona. Ukobana imnyunizami yazo iyatlhogeka kwabonwa ngemva konyaka ka-1994. Ikareko lomphakathi lokubona izinto ezatholwa lapho eMapungubwe zibonwe lakhula ngemva kokuthola ikululeko, begodu besinetjhisakalo yokobana umlando wethu ukhitjhwe emaketangini wakarhuleumende webandlululo. Amatjhwayo amatjha egade akhuluma ngomlando we-Afrika esizikhakhangisa ngayo. Abantu gade bafuna ukubona ubhejani werhawuda.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izinto ezimbalwa zerhawuda eziqakatheke khulu (ekubalwa nobhejani) gade zithunyelwe emnyuzamu ye-Britain ukobana ziyokuvuselelwa.Isenzeso gade sibiza besidla neskhathi, kodwana imiphumela yakhona gade imihle kwamanikelela. Gade kungababuhlungu kobana ikhitjhwe lokha kunemiqaliso kwaphela. Ngethabo, ngemva kwamalungiselelo, imnyunizamu yeMapungubwe yavula iminyango yayo ngonyaka ka-2000. Isemakhiweni osekhampasini yeJunivesithi yePitori e-Old Arts Building. Umqhele weJuweli sele ubiselwe ebantwini beSewula Afrika.

Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana