Iikukhu zesintu zijayeleke ngokuthi ziqinile bogodu zincono khulu naziza ekujayeleni ubujamo bezulu eSewula Afrika ukudlula lezo zamarhwebo, lokho kuzenza bonya zingadingi izinto ezinengi nazifuyiweko begodu zinomkhiqizo ophasi khulu. Ezijayeleke khulu eSewula Afrika zifaka hlangana i-Boschveld chicken, Naked Necks, Ovambo’ s kanye ne-Potchefstroom Koekoeks kanye ne-Venda.
Umhlobo obizwa nge- Boschveld chicken
Umhlobo obizwa nge- Boschveld chicken nokho awuthathwa njengobhalisiweko eSewula Afrika, kodwana nanyana kunjalo sele uzifumanele ithando nokukhethwa khulu ebarhwebini nabafuyi beencenyeni ezinye ze-Afrika. Umfuyi u-Mike Bosch wasungula umhlobo lo ngomnyaka we-1998 eplasini lakhe elise-Limpopo eSewula Afrika, ukusuka ekuhlanganiseleni kwemihlobo emithathu yesintu, ezibizwa nge-Venda, Ovambo kanye ne-Matebele. Umhlobo lo uthathwa njengoloyo obekela khulu amaqanda eVenda, ubukhulu be-Matebele kanye nokuqina kwe-Ovambo.Ikukhu le inombala ozotho okubovu kanye nombala wamasiba omhlophe phakathi noyisiza ngokumbeseka komzimba kanye nokuyivikela ezitheni. Imoqudazo inobudisi bomzimba obungab yi-1,6 kg eemvekeni ezilitjhumi nambili zobudala bawo kanye ne-2,6 kg eemvekeni ezimatjhumi amabili, kuthiiinkhukhukazi zibe yi-1.5 eembvekeni ezilitjhumi nambili kanye ne-1.7 kg eemvekeni ezimatjhumi amabili. Iinkukhwezi zilungela ukubekelisana ngokuhlangana nazinamalanga ali-136 wobudala. Ukusuka lapho zibekela amaqanda angaba mane isikhukhukazi ngasinye ngeveke.
Umhlobo obizwa nge-Naked Neck
Umhlobo obizwa nge-Naked Neck ziinkukhu ezifakwa ngaphasi komkhakha weenkukhu zesintu ezidabuka emihlobeni yalezo ze-Naked Neck ezingeniswe enarheni ukusuka e-Malaysia ngesikhathi se-17th Century. Iinkukhwezi zinokuhleleka okuhlukahlukeneko kwemibalazo.Ngokuya nge-Poultry Club SA, kunemihlobo emibili yeenkukwezi, wokuthoma ngiwo wamambala begodu unentambo enganamasiba, wesibili wone akusiwo wamambala begodu unencenye elengeleleko encenyeni ephambili yentamo.
Zihlukaniseke ngokuthi zimhlobo omkhulu, ngokuthi umqude ubenesilinganiso sobudisi esingaba yi-1,5 kg eemvekeni ezilitjhumi nesithandathu zobudala, kuthi eemvekeni ezima-20 zibe yi-1,95 kg begodu nasele zikhule ngokupheleleko ziba yi-3,5 kg. Iinkhukhukazi ziba yi-1,1 kg nazineemveke ezili-16 zobudala, bese ziba yi-1,4 kezima-20 kanye ne-3 kg nasele zikhule ngokupheleleko. Zilungela ukubekelisana ngokuhlangana nasele zinamalanga ali-155 wobudala begodu zikhiqiza amaqanda anobudisi obungaba ma-55,5g.
Kezinye iinarha umhlobo lo weenkukhu usetjenziselwa umkhiqizo werhwebo, enarheni efana ne-France. Nokho iinzathu zalokhu ziimbalwa khulu. Njengombana iinkukhwezi zinamasiba angaba ma-30% ngobuncani ukudlula lezo ezinamasiba umzimba woke, zidinga ukudla okuncani ukudlula ezinye iinkukhu ukuthi zifinyelele ubudisi bomzimba obufana nebezinye begodu zikghona nokujamelana nomtjhiso. Ngale kwalokho, masiba ambalwa adinga ukususwa lokha nayihlatjwako.
Umhlobo obizwa nge-Ovambo chickens
Umhlobo obizwa nge-Ovambo chickens udabuka endaweni ebizwa nge-Ovamboland esiTlhagwini ye-Namibia. Zithathwa njengalezo ezibekelako. Zinombala omnyama ukuya konzima, kanye nemida emihlophe nofana e-orentji.Ubulula bomzimbazo buzisiza bonyana zikghone ukuphapha zihlale emithini ukubalekela amanaba nengozi. Ngokuya nge-Wicked Food Earth iinkukhwezi zibukhali begodu zimsinya khulu, zaziwa ngokubamba bezidle amakhodwana amancani.
Imiqudazo inobudisi bomzimba obuyi-1,74 kg eemvekeni ezili-16 zobudala kanye ne-2,16 eemvekeni ezima-20. Iinkhukhukazi ziba yi-1,32 kg eemvekeni ezili-16 kanye ne1,54 kg eemvekeni ezima-20. Zilungela ukubekelisana ngokuhlangana nasele zinamalanga ali-143 wobudala.
Isikhukhukazi sikhiqiza amaqanda ali-129 ngonyaka, kuthi ubudisi bawo bubalelwe ema-52,5 g iqanda linye. Iinkhukhukazi ziba bazali abahle begodu ubukhali bazo buzenza bonyana zikghone ukuqinisekisa ukusinda nokuphila isikhathi kwazo.
Umhlobo obizwa nge-Potchefstroom Koekoek
Umhlobo obizwa nge-Potchefstroom Koekoek yatholakala ngomnyaka we-1950s itholwa ngu-Chris Marais we-Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Dairying e-Potchefstroom, ukusukela ehlanganiseleni ehlangana ne-Black Australorps, White Leghorns and Plymouth Rocks. Igama elithi-“Koekoek” lihlathulula ukuhleleka kwemibalayo.Iinkukhwezi zifinyelela isigaba sokubekelisana emalangeni ama-130 wobudala. Iinkhukhukazi zibekela amaqanda wombala weqephe elizotho lesilinganiso sobudisi esingaba ma-55,7 g. Zikhiqiza amaqanda angabalelwa kali-198 ngonyaka. Imiqude inesilinganiso sobudisi bomzimba esiyi-1,84 kg eemvekeni ezili-16 zobudala, eemvekeni ezima-20 ibe yi-2,4 kg kuthi nasele ikhule ngokwaneleko ibe yi-3,5 kg ukuya ku-4,5 kg. iinkhukhukazi ziba yi-1,4 kg eemvekeni ezili-16, emvekeni ezim-20 zibe yi-1,7 kanye ne-3,5 kg naselezikhule ngokwaneleko.
Umhlobo lo udume khulu eendaweni zemakhaya ngomkhiqizo wamaqanda kanye nenyama kanye namandla wokuthi zikghona ukuba namadzinyanazo. Umbala wekukhu le ukhambisana nibilili bayo, nangabe umqude onzima nofana obovu uhlanganyelwe nomhlobo wesikhukhukazi se-Koekoek, amadzinyana asikazi ezowakhiqiza abanzima tshu ngombala, kuthi aduna wona abe namabala amhlophe ehloko.
Umhlobo obizwa nge-original Venda chicken
Umhlobo obizwa nge-original Venda chicken watholwa ngu-Dr Naas Coetzee, ngumakekere e-Government Veterinary Surgeon of Bloemfontein, ngomnyaka we-1979 endaweni ye-Venda esiFundeni seLimpopo. Umhlobo lo unemibala eminengi ehlukako, efaka hlangana, omhlophe, onzima, ozotho nekungiyo evame ukwanda. Imhlobo omncaza onamasiba abutjhelelezi.Umqude unesilinganiso sobudisi bomzimba esingaba yi-1,57 kg nawuneemveke ezili-16 zobudala, emvekeni ezima-20 ube yi-2,01 kg kanye ne-2,9 kg ukuya ku-3,6 kg nasele ukhule ngokwaneleko. Isikhukhukazi siba yi-1,24 eemvekeni ezili-16 zobudala, emvekeni ezima-20 iba yi-2,4 kg ukuya ku-3 kg nasele ikhule ngakwaneleko. iinkukhwezi zifinyelela isigaba sokubekelisana ngokuhlangana emalangeni ali-143 wobudala. Isikhukhukazi sikhiqiza amaqanda wemibala navame ukuba nesilinganiso sobudisi esingaba ma-52,5 kg. ibekela amaqanda angaba li-129 ngonyaka.
Ngokuya ngehlathululo yehlangano ye-Southern African Show Poultry Organisation Breed Standards, u-Dr Coetzee wathaba khulu ngendlela umhlobo lo ukhiqiza ngayo nezinga lamaqandazo, ngokuthi izitjhetjhela yona ngokwayo, akghona ukujamelana namalwele, akunasidingo sokudla kanye nokuyikhulisa. Iinkukhu ezinye ezifana nalezi zasuke zatholaka ngokukhamba kwesikhathi e-Southern Cape kanye ne-Qua-Qua region ye-Free State.
Translated by Johannes Nkosinathi