Iinkukhu zemveli ziqinile kwaye ziyakwazi ukuphila phantsi kweemeko zemozulu yase Mzantsi Afrika ngaphezulu kweenkunku zorhwebo, lonto izenza ukuba ibezizo ezilungele indawo ekhululekiyo nakwinqanaba elincinane lemveliso yeenkukhu. Eyona nzalo eqhelekileyo eMzantsi Afrika iquka i-Boschveld chicken, i-Naked Necks, i-Ovambo’s, i-Potchefstroom Koekoeks kunye ne Venda.
I-Boschveld Chicken
I-Boschveld chicken ayikavunywa njenge nzalo ebhaliweyo yalapha eMzantsi Afrika, kodwa yiyo ethandwayo ngabantu kunye nabalimi bakwindawo ezininzi ezase Afrika.
Umlimi I Mike Bosch wakhulisa lenzalo ngonyaka ka 1998 kwifama yakhe pha kwikoloni yase Limpopo yase Mzantsi Afrika, ngokudibanisa iindidi ezintathu zenkukhu, ezibiwa, i-Venda, i-Ovambo kunye neMatebele. Lenzalo kuthiwa yiyo eyenze i-Venda ukuba ibenamaqanda, ubukhulu be-Matebele kunye nokuqina kwe Ovambo.
Iinkukhu zinebala elikhanyayo elibomvu-buntsundu kunye neentsiba emaphakathini enceda ukuzifihla nokuzihlusela kumaxhalanga. Imiqhangi ilingana ne 1.6 kg pha kwiveki ezilushumi elinisibini kunye ne 2.6 kg ngesiqu xa ineveki ezingamashumi amabini. Intaka ivuthwa ngokwesondo xa inentsuku eziyi 136 ngeminyaka. Amaqanda amane akhutshwa yinkukhu qho ngeveki.
I-Naked Neck Chickens
Iinkukhu ezibizwa i-Naked Neck zichazwa njengenzalo yemveli yeenkukhu eziphuma kwiinkukhu ze Naked Neck eziphuma eMalaysia ngexesha lenkulungwane ye 17th. Ezinkukhu zinephethini yemibala emininzi.
Ngokweqela leeNkukhu lase Mzantsi Afrika, kukho iindidi ezimbini ze-Naked Necks, enye yinzalo yoqobo kwaye inomqala ohamba ngaze, enye yona ayiyonzalo yoqobo kwaye inesihlwitha esiphambi komqala wayo. Zibizwa njengo didi lwenzalo olunzima, imiqhangi yona inomzimba olingana ne 1.5 kg xa zineveki eziyi 16, ziphinde zibe nomzimba ona 1.95 kg xa sele zineveki ezingamashumi amabini okanye i-3,5 kg xa sele zikhulile.
Iinkukhu zona zilingana ne 1,1 kg xa sele zineveki ezilishumi elinesithandathu, ziphinde zilingane ne 1,4 kg xa zineveki ezingamashumi amabini xa sele zikhulile. Ukuvuthwa ngokwesondo lwenzeka pha kusuku lwe 155 nalapho izokhupha amaqanda anomzimba ongange 55,5 grams.
I-Naked Neck isetyenziswa kwimvelo yezorhwebo lweenkukhu kwamanye amazwe afana ne France. Zimbalwa izizathu zalonto. Ezintaka, kuba zinentsiba ezingange 30% kunentaka ezine ntsiba ezinkulu, zidinga ukutya okuncinci kunezinye iintaka ukulingana ngomzimba kwaye zona ziyakwazi ukunyamezela ubushushu. Ukwengeza, iintsiba ezincinci ziyasuswa xa kuxhelwayo.
I-Ovambo Chickens
Iinkukhu ezibizwa i-Ovambo ziphuma e-Ovamboland kumntla wase Namibia. Lenzalo yaziwa ngokuba nomaleko. Zinombala ontsundu bumnyama, zibenemigca emhlophe na-orenji.
Ubukhaphukhaphu bomzimba wazo uyazivumela ukuba zibhabhe futhi zilale emithini ukubaleka amaxhalanga. Ngabula i-Wicked Food Earth, ezintaka zinolaka kwaye zibukhali, zaziwa ngokubamba ziphinde zitye iimpuku kunye neempuku ezincinci.
Imiqhangi ilingana ne 1,74 kg xa ineveki ezilishumi elinesithandathu futhi zibe ngange 2,16 kg xa zineveki ezingamashumi amabini. Iinkukhu zona zinesiqu esingange 1,32 kg xa zineveki ezilishumi elinesithandathu futhi zibe ngange 1,54 kg xa zineveki ezingamashumi amabini. Ukuvuthwa ngokwesondo kufika xa intaka inentsuku ezingange 143.
Iinkukhu zikhupha amaqanqa ayi 129 ngonyaka, iqanda elinye lilingana ne 52,5 g ngonyaka. Iinkukhu zenza oomama boqobo kwaye ukuzala kwabo kuzenza ukuba zikwazi ukuphila.
I-Potchetstroom Koekoek
i-Potchetstroom Koekoek yavela pha ngeminyaka ye 1950’s, ivezwa ngu Chris Marais wakwi Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Dairying e-Potchefstroom emveni kokuba edibanise i-Black Australorps, i-White Leghorns kunye nePlymouth Rocks. Eligama i “Koekoek” lithetha ngombala wale ntaka.
Ezintaka zivuthwa ngesondo xa zinentsuku eziyi 130. Iinkukhu zibeka amaqanda antsundu alingana kangange 55.7 g. Zikhupha amaqanda ayi 198 ngonyaka. Iimiqhagi yona ilingana ne 1,84 kg ngomzimba xa ineveki ezilishumi elinesithandathu, 2,4 kg xa zineveki ezingamashumi amabini kunye ne 3,5 kg xa selezikhulile.Iinkukhu zona zilingana ne 1,4 kg xa zineveki ezilishumi elinesithandathu, okanye 1,7 kg xa zineveki ezingamashumi amabini futhi zilingane ne 3,5kg xa sele zikhulile.
Lenzalo idumileyo kakhulu pha ezilalini ngenxa yemveliso yayo yamaqanda nenyama kunye nekhono layo lokufukama abantwana bayo. Umbala walentaka unxulumene nesondo, xa umqhagi umnyama okanye ubomvu, umqhagi udityaniswa nenkukhu ebizwa iKoekoek, imveliso yeenkukhu yona ibamnyama ngokwebala, nangona amadoda wona enebala elimhlophe pha entlokweni.
yaseVenda
Lenkukhu yamandulo yaseVenda yafunyanwa ngu Dr Naas Coetzee, uDr wezilwanyana kwisebe lika Rhulumente e-Bloemfontein, kunyaka ka 1979 kwindawo yase Venda kwiKoloni yase Limpopo. Lenzalo imibala-bala, ibenemibala egqamileyo emhlophe kunye namnyama. Iludidi olu ethe-ethe kunye nentsiba ezithambileyo.
Imiqhagi inomzimba ongange 1,57 kg xa zineveki ezilishumi elinesithandathu, 2,01 kg xa zineveki ezingamashumi amabini kunye ne 2,9 kg ukuya kwi 3,6 kg xa zindala. Iinkukhu zona zilingana ne 1,24 kg xa zineveki ezilishumi elinesithandathu, 1,4 kg xa zineveki ezingamashumi amabini futhi zilingane ne 2,4 kg ukuya kwi 3 kg xa zikhulile.
Iintaka zivuthwa ngokwesondo xa zinentsuku eziyi 143. Iinkukhu zikhupha amaqanqa athintekileyo angange 52,5 g. Amaqanda angange 129 ayaphuma ngonyaka.
Ngokwenkcazelo yebutho i-Southern African Show Poultry Organisation Breed Standards, uDr u-Coetzee wachazeka kakhulu yindlela lenzalo ekhupha ngayo amaqanda womgagatho wemveliso yorhwebo, indlela ekwazi ukuzigcina ngayo, ukwazi ukumelala nezifo, isidingo esiphantsi sokutya kunye nesokuzala.
Iinkukhu ezifana nale ziye zabonwa pha kwiKoloni yase Mzantsi nase kwindawo yase Qua-Qua pha e-Free State.
Translated by Aviwe Damane