vulawuri bya Ntshikelelo eka Tihuku

© Chris Daly

Tihuku tilanguteka tani hi swihadyani leswitshamaka switsakile, kambe kuna swivangelo swotala leswitisaka ntshikelelo eka tona leswi endlaka leswaku tikhomiwa hi mavabyi.

Swakudya na Mati

Swakudya swikota kuvanga ntshikelelo swinene eka tihuku loko swinga ringanelanga, loko swinga fikeleleki na loko kuri na mphikizano wa swakudya, loko swakudya swakona swivevukile ngopfu kumbe kutsindziyela kumbe switele munyu. Xin’wana na xin’wana xaleswi swinga laha henhla swinga endla leswaku tihuku loko tiswidye ngopfu tipfumala matimba no nghenela hi mavabyi. Swakudya leswinga kurha naswona swina poyizeni eka tihuku.

Switlhela swivatano loko tihuku tinga kumi mati yoringanela, kumbe loko mati ya hisa ngopfu kumbe yangari kahle kuva ya n’wiwa hi swifuwo. Kuya hiva South African Poultry Association, kupfumaleka ka mati aswitisi ntsena ntshikelelo eka tihuku kambe switisa ku omeriwa ka swirho swohefemula leswi endlaka leswaku tikhomiwa himavabyi. Mati yothyaka yana khombo swinene tani hileswi yanga vaka na mavabyi nova na switsongwatsongwani leswinga endlaka leswaku tihuku tinghenela hi mavabyi.

Mbango

©Chris Daly

Ku voningiwa ka ndzhawu leyi tihuku titshamaka kona naswona swina xiave eka ntshikelelo watihuku xikan’we nopfumaleka ka ndzhawu leyi nga dzwihala laha tifaneleke kuva ti wisa kona. Kuya hiva World Health Organisation, tihuku tifanele kunyikiwa nkarhi woringeta kuva tihambanyisa vusiku na nhlekani eka gondzo ravu humelerisi bya tuhuku. Mavoni yafanele kuvekeriwa kahle leswaku tingakumeki titele eka ndzhawu leyinga voningiwa ntsena.

Xiyimo xa maxelo na moya lowu tiwukumaka naswona swina xiave eka ntshikelelo na rihanyo ra tihuku. Swina vutlharhi swinene kuhlawula muxaka lowu hanyaka kahle ehansi ka maxelo lawa ya hisaka, muxaka lowu wutala kuva tihuku ta xikaya na n’warikolwani, leswi swingava hikuva kufuyiwa tihuku leti eka ndzhawu leyi hisaka swinene. Kufanele kutiyisisiwa leswaku kuna ndzhuti laha tinga kotaka kuva ti wisa eka wona na mati kusivela leswaku kuhisa kunga kavanyeti kuhumelerisiwa ka tihuku leti xikan’we na swakudya leswi tiswikumaka.

Kutitimela naswona swina switandzhaku swoka swingari kahle eka rihanyo ra tihuku, hikuva swiendla leswaku tilava matimba yotala kuva tishama tirikarhi tikufumela. Ndlela yo olova kuva swivonaka loko tihuku tiri nantshikelelo wa maxelo yo hisa kumbe kutitimela ikuva kulangutiwa mahanyelo ya tona. Tihuku leti twaka kutitimela tivonaka hiku hlengeletana endzhawu yin’we leswaku tita kufumetana.

Titlhela tidya swakudya swotala leswaku tita kota kukuma matimba lawa tingawa tirhisa swinene loko tiringeta kuva ti tikufumeta. Tihuku letingana ntshikelelo wakuhisa titala kuvana swiphiqo swohefemula. Tivonaka hikuva titlakusa tipiku tatona leswaku titanghenela himoya emirini. Ntshikelelo lowu wunga endla leswaku tihuku tiva na nchuluko xikan’we na mavabyi yakuva ti oma swirho.

Loko tihuku tikurisiwa laha tinga pfaleriwa, xiyimo xa maxelo xalawuriwa kutlakusa no hungutiwa ka mahiselo kuya hi maxelo. Kufanele kutlhela kulangutisisiwa swinene ndlela leyi moya wunghenisaka xiswona leswaku wungavi wutele ngopfu kumbe vuwa wuntsongo. Leswi swiendleriwa kuva kuvana kuhangalaka ka kahle ka moya e hokweni ya tihuku xikan’we no tiyisisa leswaku akuna kukavanyetiwa ka nchumu eka tihuku.

Loko kutsakama swinene etihokweni swi endla leswaku kuva na ammonia leyi vangaka mavabyi lawa ya khumbhaka kuhefemula. Loko xiyimo xa tihoko xiri lexi omeke, naswona swiendla leswaku tiva na ntsikelelo wa ritshuri leswingata endla leswaku tinga tshamiseki.

Swivangelo swa Mavabyi

Kuka kunga basisiwi kahle noka kunga fafazeriwi kahle kusivela mavabyi swi endla leswaku tiva na ntshikelelo wova kuri na makondlo tinhongani xikan’we na tinyenyani. Swihadyani leswi aswingata karhata tihuku ntsena kambe naswona switisa mavabyi yokarhi eka tihuku. Tihuku titlhela tiva na nsthikelelo swinene hikuva tivabya leswi vuriwaka pathological stress. Ku hungutantshikelelo lowu no sivela mavabyi swifanele kuva swihatla swiendliwa kusivela kuhangalaka ka mavabyi.

Ndzhawu na Nhlayiso

©Chris Daly
Ndzhawu yiva xiphiqo eka tihuku loko titele ngopfu eka ndzhawu yin’we, leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na mphikizano waswakudya na mati nova tisungula ku karhatana. Tihuku titala kuvana ntshikelelo loko tihlongorisiwa, tikhomiwa no nyikiwa murhi. Leswi swivula leswaku van’wamapurasi vafanele vakunguhata maendlelo yakahle swinene kutiyisisa leswaku kuhava ntshikelelo.

Swikombiso swa Ntshikelelo

Leswi iswikombiso swa ntshikelelo eka tihuku:

Ku lwa ka tihuku
Ku hluveka ka tisiva
Ku cinca eka madyelo ya swakudya – kuva tihuku tidya ngopfu kumbe tidya swintsongo kutlula leswinga toloveleka
Ku loloha ka tihuku
Ku ondza
Ku hunguteka eka kutshikeriwa ka matandza hi tihuku ta matandza
Mavabyi

Translated by Ike Ngobeni