Zonke izinhlelo zokufafaza kufanele zihambisane nezidingo ze-IPW (Integrated Production of Wine), uhlelo lokuzimela ngokwezemvelo olusungulwe abakhiqizi bewayini eNingizimu Afrika ngo-1998. Lolu hlelo luhambisana nezinqubo zomhlaba jikelele zokusekela okwemvelo futhi lukhuthaza indlela eqhubekayo yokulawulwa kwezinambuzane.
Abakhiqizi bacebiswa ukuthi basebenzise uhla lwezinhlawulo ezikhomba izinambuzane ngezindlela ezahlukene, isibonelo,uzedlinye wezinambuzane (izitha zemvelo), ama-entomopathogenic nematodes (izinhlobo ezibulala izinambuzane) isikhunta noma amabhaktheriya abulala izinambuzane. Lezi zindlela zivame ukusetshenziswa kanye nomuthi wamakhemikhali.
Indlela engcono yokunciphisa izinambuzane nezifo ukuqapha njalo izimpawu esivinini. Abakhiqizi basebenzisa abaqapheli abaqeqeshiwe ukugcina izindleko. Lezi zisebenzi ziqeqeshwe ukuhamba ngesivinini njalo bese zifuna izimpawu zokuqala zezinambuzane noma izimpawu zokutheleleka nokhunta.
Ngaphansi komhlaba izimpawu ikukhula okubhashile.Imivini ithwala kancane futhi neziqu zincane.
Ngezinambuzane eziphezu komhlaba, izibonakaliso ezibonakalayo yizimbobo kumaqabunga, amaqabunga akhubazekile namagilebhisi omvini kanye nokutheleleka okumhlophe emagilebhisini.
Uma zingekho izimpawu ezibonakalayo emaqabunga, amahlumela noma amagilebhisi omvini, umlimi uzogubha imbobo ukuze abheke izimpande zezitshalo ezinesifo.Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwesitshalo, lesi sitshalo sizonikezwa isidakamizwa sokumunca bese sibulala ukhunta noma izinambuzane ezivela ngaphakathi. Uma kusetshenziselwa umuthi wokufafaza, isitshalo sigcwele ikhemikhali futhi ngokushesha nje lapho inambuzane noma ukhunta ozama ukulimaza isitshalo, uyofa.
Umphumela Wesimo Sezulu Ezilokazaneni
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi isimo sezulu kanye nemvelo kungadlala indima enkulu ekuveleni kwezifo nezinambuzane. Ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophansi, izifo ezithile zokhunta azaziwa kangako, ngokuphambene, ngomswakama ophezulu noma imvula phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, ezinye izifo zingadluliselwa ngokushesha. Umjikelezo wokuphila wezinambuzane uvame ukwenziwa ngezikhathi futhi, njengoba kwenzeka imbungulu yomvini, ngokuqondile ixhomeke ekushiseni.Imikhuba yokulima imvini ingabamba iqhaza ekulawuleni izifo nezinambuzane:
Ukuphathwa kahle kwesimbozo kunganciphisa izifo zokhunta.
Ukunisela kufanele kwenzeke lapho isivini sesivele sinamanzi, isibonelo ekuseni.
Ukuqondiswa komugqa kanye nokufaka isesekelo somvini kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukungena komoya nokomisa amahlamvu ngokushesha ngemuva kwemvula.
Ukhula indawo yokuhlala futhi indawo yokuzalanisa izinto ezikhathaza izinambuzane.
Ukusetshenziswa okungenakuqaphela komuthi wezinambuzane kungabhubhisa izitha zemvelo zezinambuzane.
Translated by Nsika Khoza