Imithombo Yamanzi, Isitoreji, Ukuthutha kanye Nokumpompa
Imithombo Yamanzi
Wonke amanzi afinyelela emhlabeni wonke ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zemvula njengeqhwa, imvula, isichotho, i-sleet noma i-mist. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamanzi esisetshenziselwa ezolimo kanye nezinhloso zokusetshenziswa zasekhaya, okungukuthi amanzi angaphezulu komhlaba ahanjiswa emhlabeni wonke emifuleni nasemifula kuze kube sezingeni lokusebenzisa namanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma angaphansi komhlaba ahamba eduze kwamanzi namafishu umhlaba lapho ufika khona emhlabathini ngokwemvelo noma ngokungenelela kwabantu ngamanzi noma emanzini.
Isitoreji Samanzi
Irrigation Dam with vineyards.
Amanzi agcinwa emadamu futhi esuka lapho aqhumekile noma uma i-gradient ivumela ukusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwe-gravitation yokunisela umhlaba. Ukulahlekelwa yi-evaporation kungaba namandla uma amadamu enendawo enkulu. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angasuswa ngamakhulu wamamitha ngaphansi kwamanzi abe ngamadamu futhi avela lapho asetshenziselwa ukuchelela noma ezimweni eziningi aqhutshelwa ngqo ezitshalweni nasemasimini avela emanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angaphinde afinyelele phezulu futhi afake iziphethu. Kwezinye izimo amachibi emvelo akhiwa emithonjeni noma lapho imifula iqhubekela khona endaweni ehlabayo, lapho kutholakala khona indawo.
Ukusakaza Kwamanzi
Sluice and water canal to water vineyards.
Amanzi ahanjiswa ngamasango avulekile, imigodi noma amapayipi lapho amanzi agcinwa futhi asetshenziswa khona. Amandla okuhambisa amanzi angaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi noma agonywa.
Amanzi kungcono ukubhebhetheka kunokuba avunyelwe ukugeleza emigodini evulekile noma emigodini ngenxa yokukhuphuka nokuvuza emhlabathini.
Ukumpompa
Amapompu amanengi wokunisela aphethwe yi-ugesi, i-petroli noma idizili. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaphampu, amaphampu we-centrifugal namapompo okuhambisa.
Amapompu okuthutha asebenza ngamanzi angena ekamelweni lempompo ngaphakathi komnyango bese ehambisa amanzi ekamelweni ngokuphoqa i-piston noma i-diaphragm ekamelweni ngamandla, okuyinto ephoqa amanzi ukusuka ekamelweni ngephuma. Amanzi ekamelweni alawulwa yizigqoko ezimbili eziphikisana ezingenayo ukubuyisela. Amandla asetshenzisiwe angenziwa ngezimo eziningi zamandla njenge-steam, emoyeni, i-diesel kanye ne-petroli noma njengalokhu kwenzeka kumpompo wegunja wamanzi nge-kinetic energy eyenziwe ngamanzi ngokwawo.
Ukusetshenziselwa ukuchelela ikakhulukazi amapompo asetshenzisiwe. Ipompo ye-centrifugal ine-impeller enezinkomishi ezithola amanzi emkhatsini wayo bese ziwuzungeza ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ekamelweni futhi amandla e-centrifugal asuswa esuka emkhatsini wendiza ephuma ngaphandle kuya emaphethelweni angaphandle futhi ahanjiswe ngaphandle kwesikhumulo esinqunyiwe ukuphambanisa ukukhwabanisa noma ukufaka "amanzi" ngaphandle kwepayipi.
Translated by Nsika Khoza
