Nḓila dza u Khwinisa Mutakalo wa Mavu

© Francois Viljoen
Cover crops are worked into the soil as a green manure, to increase the organic matter and build soil structure.

Zwa uvha fhasi ha ndeme ya mavu kha ḽa Afrika Tshipembe ndi zwithu zwine zwa vha zwa ndeme vhukuma kha zwa vhulimi. Zwo waniwaho kha dzi ngudo dza murahu dzi sumbedza uri mavu a Afrika Tshipembe a fhasi kha pfushi zwine zwa vha 58% kha mavu ane avha o fara 0.5% ya carbon, na 4% ya vha na 2% organic carbon.
Mavu a nnṱha avha afhasi ha 2% zwishumiswa (OM) zwi dzhiiwa sa “mavu o faho” sa vhunga asina nutrients yo linganaho (carbon) ya ufha dzi microbes. Mavu ane avha ana 2% OM a ṱoḓa manyoro.
Zwishumiswa zwa organic hu vha ho katelwa organic matter, soil microbes (yeasts, fungi, bacteria etc.) na humus. Ndi hone vhubvo vhuhulwane ha nutrients, microbiological energy na hone zwi fara maḓi na nutrients nga nḓila ine ya vha hone; zwa ṱuṱuwedza u mela ha midzi, u sikiwa ha aggregates kha mavu ya ṱuṱuwedza na u tshimbila ha maḓi.
Uvha na pfushi ha mavu azwi zwi vhi zwi tshi khou itelwa uri hu vhe na pfushi nnhzi fhedzi kha mavu uya nga kha khalanwaha heneyo, fhedzi zwi dovha zwa engedza organic kha mavu. Hezwi zwiitwa nga u ṱavha manyoro madala, wa ita na zwa u shandukisa zwimela na composting. Mavu a fanela uvha atshi khou lingana na lime, rock phosphate na zwinwe zwishumiswa. Nnṱha ha zwoṱhe ndi microbes ine ya vha kha mavu - algae, yeast, fungi na earthworms – ine ya amba pfushi ya mavu. Hedzi dzi microbes ndi dza ndeme kha u lima.
Zwithu zwa ndeme zwa u khwinisa mavu:
U shumisa zwishumisa zwa mvelo kha mavu sa zwine zwa nga ita uri na zwitzhili zwi aluwe. Soil microbes - microbes dzine dza shuma (EM) dzi nga rengwa dza engedzwa kha mavu.
Mavu afanela u limiwa naho zwi zwiṱuku. Ngauri wa limesa zwi ya kwasha tshivhumbeo tsha mavu.
Zwi engedza u valiwa ha mavu – mavu afanela u valiwa nga zwimela zwinzhi. Hezwi zwi thusa uri mavu asi fhalale na u sokou tshimbila ha maḓi hu songo teaho na u aluwa ha tsheṋe. I dovha ya dzhenelela kha u engedza u ḓala ha mavu. Haya mavu anga valiwa nga zwimela sa zwine zwo ambiwa fhasi.
Zwi engedza u tsitsikana ha miri. Bio = vhunzhi na u khethekanya = muthetshelo. Vha bveledza zwa organic vha fanela u edzisa uvha na zwithu zwinzhi zwo fhambananaho kha hune vha bveledza bulasini. Hu vha ho katelwa zwimela, zwikhokhonono na zwipuka na u kona u langa zwa Ecosystem.

Translated by Khalirendwe Nekhavhambe