Royal jelly, i khuvi ro tsindziyela, ro basa, leri endliwaka enon’weni nale nkolweni (minkarhi yinwana yi vuriwa ‘brood food’ glands) eka tinyoxi tati worker bees. Lowu i nkatsakanyo wa swiphemu swohambana hambana swa swakudya. Laha kuva ku katsane mati (50% - 60%), proteins (18%), ti carbohydrates (15%), mafurha (3% - 6%), munyu wa ti mineral (1.5%) – ku katsa na potassium, calcium, sodium, iron na manganese – xikan’we nati vitamins.
Royal jelly yi tlhela yi tiveka tani hi ‘superfood’ naswona yi phameriwa nyoxi ya queen bee xikan’we na tinyoxi leti tahaku tlhotlhoriwaka (kuringana masiku yambirhi kumbe manharhu). Swakudya leswi ‘superfood’ hi xona xivangelo nkulu xakuva nyoxi ya queen bee yi hanya nkarhi woleha kutlula tinyoxi letinwana: tinyoxi ta queen bees tihanya kuringana kwalomu ka kuringana 40 wa minkarhi kuhundza tinyoxi ta ti worker bees.
Tinyoxi letintsongo hinkwato leti phameriwaka royal jelly eka masiku yosungula endzhaku ka kutlhotlhoriwa, kambe, tinyoxi letintsongo tati worker tiphameriwa ‘bee bread’, nkatsakanyo lowunga virisiwa wa royal jelly, vulombe na pollen. Tinyoxi letintsongo leti hlawuriweke titaya emahlweni ti phameriwa royal jelly, leswi tipfunaka leswaku ti hundzuka ti queen bees - letikulu, leti hanyaka nkarhi woleha titshikelaka matandza tani hi swirho swa tinyoxi kuya hi mahanyelo ya tona.
Kuna compound ya matimba yohlawuleka, royalactin, eka royal jelly, leyi cincaka tinyoxi letintsongo kuva tiva ti queens. Vulavisisi byin’wani abyi yimi na swona naswona byi vula leswaku kuka kunga phameriwi ti ‘queen larvae’ swakudya swa ntolovelo swa bee bread, kahle kahle, swi endla leswaku tinyoxi tiva na swihlawulekisi swa queen bee.
Royal jelly ayi hlayisiwi naswona yiphameriwa eka tinyoxi ta queen na leti tahaku tlhotlhoriwaka.
Kuhumelerisiwa ka Royal Jelly
Kusukela hi malembe yava 1990s, mali leyi ayi endliwa hi vahlayisi va tinyoxi vale China ayi tlakuka eka lembe rinwana na rinwana hikokwalaho kaku tlakuka ka kuhumelerisiwa ka royal jelly. Vahlayisi lava va tinyoxi va endla mbuyelo wakahle swinene, kufika kwalomu ka 5 kg wa royal jelly leyi tshoveriwaka (hi ntlawa hi lembe), loko vahlayisi vanwana va tinyoxi vangari na mbuyelo wakahle laha vavaka na 2 kg ya royal jelly hi ntlawa hi lembe.Royal jelly yi hakuriwa hi mavoko hikuva kususiwa tinyoxi letingana siku kumbe manharhu kusuka eka ti brood cells kutani kususiwa royal jelly hiku tirhisa pipet kumbe spatula lexintsongo. Royal jelly yifanele kuvekiwa e xigwitsirisi exikarhi ka 0 - 5℃ endzhaku ka tiawara taku hakuriwa kutani yihlayisiwa eka xibye xodzwihala xa nghilazi. Nkarhi lowu yinga tshamaka wona wufika kwalomu ka 18 wa tinhweti loko yi vekiwe eka xigwitsirisi eka switirhisiwa swa royal jelly xikan’we na 24 wa tinhweti eka switirhisiwa leswi gwitsirisiweke. Kasi royal jelly leyi gwitsirisiweke naku omisiwa yinga vekiwa kuringana malembe yotala.
Kuya hi Mike Allsopp, mulavisisi nkulu e Honeybee Research Section of the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) e Stellenbosch, royal jelly ayi humelerisiwi kufikelela ku xavisiwa e Afrika Dzonga. ‘Leswi vulaka leswaku aswinga koteki kuva kuhumelerisiwa royal jelly leyinga lulamiseriwa ku xavisiwa e Cape honeybees (Apis mellifera capensis) hikokwalaho ka ntumbuluko wa tinyoxi. Muhlayisi wa tinyoxi ata kuma tinyoxi leti tshikelaka matandza, letingata helela eka mabokisi lawa yanga hava nchumu. Kuringeta ku humelerisa royal jelly eka tindzhawu leti African bee (Apis mellifera scutellata) ti fuyiwaka leswi nyanyisaka xiphiqo xa ‘Capensis’ leswingata vanga kuhlaseriwa ka mintlawa ya tinyoxi.
(Xiphiqo xa Capensis hi loko tinyoxi ta Cape bees ti teka vulawuri bya mabaku ya tinyoxi ta African bees, laha eku heteleleni ti dlayaka nyoxi ya African bee queen na ntlawa wa yona hinkwawo.)
Ku tirhisiwa ka Royal Jelly
E handle ka mphakelo wa swakudya leswinga fuwa hiti protein eka leti tahaku tlhotlhoriwaka ta queen, royal jelly yi hakuriwa hi munhu hiku tirhisa switirhisiwa swa mirhi na switolwa. Yitirhisiwa yahaku hakuriwa, yititimetiwa kumbe ku gwitsirisiwa kumbe yi omisiwa naku gwitsirisiwa naku omisiwa, royal jelly yinga katsiwa na swakudya, yitirhisiwa eka tipilisi kumbe yiri hi xivumbeko xa mati laha yitirhisiwaka tani hi injection kumbe yitirhisiwa eka switolwa swa nhlonge leyinga tshwa. Yitlhela yi phameriwa eka tihanci leti tirhisiwaka eka mphikizano xikan’we na vusokoti na switsotswana.Royal jelly yitisiwa laha Afrika Dzonga (kuva yitirhisiwa laha kaya-switirhisiwa swa laha kaya) yiva yinghenisiwile eka x-ray. Leswi swinga endla leswaku ku lahleka swilo swinwana leswi pfunaka.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni