Vanhu va Zhizo vale Mapungubwe, Limpopo

Ndzhavuko wa vanhu va Zhizo e Schroda (900 AD to 1000 AD)

©David Fleminger

900 AD yitekiwa tani hi masungulo ya malembe ya xikhale swinene laha Dzongeni wa Afrika. Kahari na njhekanjhekisano wa matimba swinene hiku kutshame kuva nale xikarhi ka malembe ya xikhale, kambe sweswo ndzi ta switshikela swidyondzeki. Eka swivangelo swahina, hingaku, hi 900 AD, ntlawa wuntshwa awutshamile ekusuhi nale Limpopo-Shashe: Rixaka ra vanhu va Zhizo.
Vatumbuluke eka leswi namuntlha hiswivulaka dzonga vupela dyambu bya Zimbabwe nale vuhuma dyambu bya Botswana, kambe xiphemu xa vaaki xihetelele xirhurhela e dzongeni wa Limpopo naswona vasungule ntsindza lowu vuriwaka Schroda. Xivangelo xakurhurha loku axi tiveki nasweswi. Ti archaeologists tin’wana tivula leswaku mpfula ayina ku antswa eka ndzhawu yoleyo naswona swipfumelele van’wamapurasi kuva vavuyela kona.
Kasi van’wana vahlamusela leswaku mpfula yive kona endzhaku ka 100 wa malembe. Thomas Huffman, hile tlhelo rin’wana, a vula leswaku leswi akuri ku endlela leswaku tindlopfu tivuya nakukumeka ka timhondzo tatona leswinga endla leswaku vanhu va rixaka ra Zhizo xitsemakanya nambu.

Kuxavisiwa ka Timhondzo

Ku xavisiwa ka timhondzo ta tindlopfu aswitele swinene exikarhi ka Zimbabwe nale East Coast kusukela hi 800 AD, se nxavo wa swixavisiwa leswi se awu vekiwile. Kutshame kuri na (na sweswi) mphakelo wotala swinene wa tindlopfu endzhawini ya Limpopo naswona leswi switiyisisa kukumeka ka nsuku wobasa. Vutomi lebyinga ekusuhi na tindlopfu byi hlamusela kahle leswaku hikokwalaho kayini tindzhawu ta vutshamo ta vanhu va Zhizo byiri ekule nale milambyeni, laha tindlopfu leti twaka torha atita onha swibyariwa swa vona.
Kuyisa emahlweni, Schroda yina vumbhoni byo sungula byakuu xavisiwa ka timhondzo ta tindlopfu, leswi vulaka leswaku vanhu varixaka ra Zhizo ava endla swilo swa timhondzo ta ndlopfu leswaku tita xavisiwa. Vuhlalu bya nghilazi byikumekile eka ndzhawu liya, leswikombaka leswaku vanhu va Zhizo avari na ntirhisano na switichi swa vuxavisi swa Arabic e East Coast (leswingale Bazaruto Archipelago ya Mozambique).
Kuna nhlayo ya rixaka ra vanhu va Zhizo lava tshamaka etindzhawini ta Shashe-Limpopo, kambe ra Schroda hirona lerikulu. Leswivulaka kuri, kutshembiwa leswaku hirona kaya ra hosi leyinga fuma ngopfu naswona sweswo swivonaka hi ntsinda wakona. Vukulu bya ntsinda ‘capital’ abyi pimiwa kuva byiri na vanhu voringana 300 na 500, kukatsa na 1400 wa vanhu lava hanyaka emakaya yale kusuhi.

Vaaki voka Vanga Twisiseki

Ndzhavuko wa vanhu va Zhizo awunga twisiseki na kantsongo. Ava fuwa tihomu na swinwana swifuwo, naku tshovela vahlayisa swirimiwa swavona. Ti Archaeologists tikumile nhlayo yaswilo leswinga vumbiwa swoka swinga tolovelekangi leswi swinwana swikombaka swiharhi, vanhu na swivumbiwa swinwana leswinga twisisekeki. Ku ehleketiwa leswaku swilo leswi aswitirhisiwa eka vukhomba bya vaxisati naswona aswitirhisiwa ku kombeta tidyondzo ta vutomi, rirhandzu na ntirho. Ndzhavuko lowu awuhangalakile hinkwako e dzongeni wa Afrika.
Namuntlha, akuna swikombiso leswivonakalaka swa vatshami vale Schroda naswona vayeni ava pfumeleriwi kuya eka tindzhawu letinga tsariwangiki nchumu loko kungari na munhu loyi ava kombetaka ndlela kumbe kungari na mpfumelelo. Kutshembiwa leswaku ndzhawu leyi yita pfuleriwa vanhu hinkwavo loko ndzhawu leyi yitiyerile naku sirheleriwa. Schroda yile kusuhi swinene na ndzelekano wa Mapungubwe National Park, mpfhuka nyana wuntsongo kusuka e vuhuma dyambu bya xintshabyani xa Mapungubwe.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni