Tinxaka tin’wana ta Tinguluve

©Elsabe Visser

The large white is a big pig with exceptional growth rate.

Leswi muxaka kunga hava lowu heleleke naswona muxaka wun’wana na wun’wana wuna swihlawulekisis bya wona, kuhlawula muxaka swinga endliwa hiku munhu ulava muxaka wihi. Loko u teka xiboho, awufanelanga ku languta ntsena vuswikoti bya vuhumelerisi, kambe kutiva leswaku kuna makete wa leswi ulavaka kuswihumelerisa xikan’we naku tiva leswaku uta kota ku fikelela swilaveko swa swakudya xikan’we na vuhlayiselo lebyi lavekaka kuva tinguluve tihanya kahle.
Nhlanganiso wa kahle wunga tirhisiwa ku antswisa xiyimo xa nyama, laha vana lavangata kumeka eka nhlanganiso wakona vanga xavisiwaka e makete.

wa-Large White

Muxaka lowu wa English wutisiwile e Afrika Dzonga kwalomu ka malembe yava 1890s. Tani hileswi na vito rivulaka, lowu i muxaka lowukulu wa nguluve leyingana voya byo basa leyi tswalaka swingulubyana leswikulu leswi hanyeke kahle xikan’we na nhlayo yakahle yokula na swakudya swa kahle. Ti hundzuka vamhani lava sirhelelaka kahle swinene naswona tina migingiriko, hambi leswi tin’wana titekaka nkarhi kukula, endzhaku ka nkombo kuya eka nhungu wa tinhweti.
Muxaka lowu wa Large White wutekiwa kuva wona wufuweriwaka swikongomelo swimbirhi naswona loko wukatsiwe na muxaka wun’wana, wuhumesa muxaka wa (progeny) leyinga kahle ku endla bacon. Tihumesa nguluve ya xisati leyinga kahle swinene eka kutswala muxaka wakahle loko yikatsiwa na Landrace.

hi-Landrace

©Glenneis Kriel

Landrace pigs have excellent growth rates.

Muxaka wa Landrace i muxaka wa Danish laha yingana muhlovo wobasa lowuvaka kona endzhaku kaloko kutava ku hlanganisiwe Large Whites na nguluve ya xikaya ya Danish. Tisungule titisiwa kusuka e Holland kuta e Afrika Dzonga hi 1952. Muxaka wufambelanisiwa na tinhlayo ta kahle tokula naku dya kahle swakudya, laha muxaka lowunga antswisiwa wutekeriwa enhlokweni hikokwalaho ka vuswikoti bya vutswari bhyayona, kutswala vana lavakulu kuringana nkarhi woleha swinene.
Xikimi xa South African pig progeny testing scheme, xisungule kuya emahelweni ya lembe rava 1950s, lexinga tisa kucinca lokukulu swinene, laha muxaka lowu wunga tiveka tani hi South African Landrace. Kuya hi buku ya David Visser, Modern Pig Production, Letinga laha Afrika Dzonga tifambelanisiwa na swiphiqo swotsandzeka ku kondzelela hikokwalaho ka leswi tivevukaka marhambu ya tona, laha tinwana letingana timayisele letinga ematikweni yale handle tikotaka ku kondzelela ntshikelelo, lowu tisiwaka hi maxelo lawa yohisa swinene xikan’we na mpfhuka woleha kuya e makete.

wa-Chester White

©Liezel Grobler

Muxaka lowu wutumbuluke e United States kusuka eka kukatsiwa eka Yorkshire na nguluve ya Lincolnshire. Muxaka wosungula wa Chester Whites wutisiwile kusuka e United States kuta laha Afrika Dzonga hi 1983. Muxaka lowu, lowungana nhlonge yobasa, ayikulangi ngopfu hi sayizi, yina marhambu yakahle naswona yitirha kahle swinene. Tikota kuhanya kahle ehansi ka swiyimo swotika na leswi swinga karhateki ngopfu naswona titirhisiwa ngopfu eka vuswikoti byavu manana eka nhlanganiso wa Large Whites kumbe Landraces. Akuna vafuwi votala va muxaka wa Chester Whites e Afrika Dzonga.

wa-Duroc

©Elsabe Visser

Duroc boars are primarily used in crosses with white breeds.

Muxaka lowu wa muhlovo wa rusty red wusungule e United States kusuka eka tinxaka ta tinguluve ta mune. Yitisiwe rosungula laha Afrika Dzonga kusuka e Canada hi 1980, kuva kutisiwa muxaka wa vunharhu, xikongomelo nkulu akuri kuta katsakanya tinxaka tin’wana.
Leti ta xinuna tina ngati ya xinuna ya kahle leyi tirhisiwaka eka ku katsakanya tinguluve na tinxaka leti ta ndzhavuko wobasa, laha ku humaka vana lavakulaka kahle, ti dya kahle naswona tihumesa nyama ya kahle. Modern Pig Production, vatsundzuxa leswaku kuxavisiwa ka vana vakona, hikuva vatekela xiphemu xa swin’wana kusuka eka Duroc leswi swipfunaka eka muhlovo lowu wa reddish brown eka muxaka lowu endliwaka loko ku hlanganile letinga laha henhla leswi tisaka swiphiqo eka abattoir. Muxaka wa Duroc, hambiswiritano, wuhumelerisa nyama ya kahle swinene leyi antswaka kutlula totala ta tinxaka letin’wana.
Muxaka lowu wutswala swingulubyana, kambe wutekiwa tani hivamhani voka vangari kahle. Muxaka lowu awu chavi ngopfu eka ntshikelelo.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni