Ku Tshama e Dzata
Hi kwalomuya kava fourth century, xifundzha xa Northern Province lexinga kona manguva lawa se axi tshamiwa hi rixaka ra ma Khoisan xikan’we na vanhu va Early Iron Age, lava ava hlanganisiwa hiku xavisa, vukati na nyimpi. Eka 7th century ndzhawu ya n’walungu ayiri na tinxaka ta va Ngona na Khoisan.
Kusukela eka 800, ku tumbulukile Mapungubwe Kingdom, leyinga koka kusukela e Soutpansberg edzongeni, kutsemakanya nambu wa Limpopo kuya fika e Matopos e n’walungwini. Ndzhawu leyi yi hungutekile kusuka hi 1240, naswona matimba xikan’we na ku xavisa swi rhurhele en’walungwini kuya e Great Zimbabwe Kingdom. Ku vile na ku cinca eka vuhosi byale Zimbabwe bya Khami na Rozwi loku kunga landzela, kambe ndzhavuko awu yimangi e dzongeni wa Limpopo: Shona-Venda na swivumbiwa swa va Venda swi kurile eka malembe yava 14th na 15th centuries.
Akuna makhumbi ya maribye lawa laynga pimanyisiwaka naya Great Zimbabwe e n’walungu vuhuma dyambu bya xifundzha xa Northern Province, kambe lawa yanga etintshaveni ya kombeta vumbhoni. Ku landzela kuhumelela katindzhawu leti, kusukela kwalomuya kava 1400, magandlati ya vanhu lava vulavulaka ririmi ra xi Shona ya fikile kusuka e Zimbabwe (laha ku tivekaka hiva Venda tani hi va Thavatsindi) lava vanga fika vatshama e Lowveld.
Eku heleni ka 17th century, gandlati rin’wana rifikile, va Singo, lavangavaka vatumbuluke e Rozwi, vatsutsumile Danangombe (Dhlo Dhlo) kusuhi swinene nale xikarhi ka Zimbabwe, endzhaku kaloko kuwisiwile mfumo wa Rozwi. Laha vanga fika vatshama e Tshiendeulu, kutyani vaya e Dzata.
Ku Siviwa ka Vafumi
Dzata e Nzhelele Valley yina makhumbi lawakulu ya maribye naswona kuringana kwalomu ka 60 wa malembe ya tihosi leti landzelelanaka. Votala va wela ehansi ka matimu ya ndzhawu ya Thoho-ya-Ndou (Head of the Elephant), lava vangavaka vave vafumi lavanga teka vito leri loko vasungula ku fuma. Van’wana vanwi teka tani hi munhu loyi anga hlanganisa mintlawa yale Soutpansberg kusuka e Venda.
Van’wana vavula leswaku u engetelerile matimba ya va Venda na mindzelekani ya vaakelani. Hi 1760, Dzata yivuye yitshwa yiku lohlo. Vumundzuku bya Thoho-ya-Ndou byingaha tiveki: angava a tsutsumile, xikan’we na Ngoma Lungundu, kuya tshama e tlhelo ka nambu wa Limpopo, kumbe angava a dlayiwile. Hiku nyamalala ka Thoho-ya-Ndou, vuhosi byi avanyisiwile hi ka mbirhi.
Ku nghena ka vuhosi byintshwa hi 19th century swi endle leswaku mintlawa yotala, leyi tihosi tavona ati wela ehansi ka rixaka ra Singo. Va Venda navona avari na tihosi leti tumbulukaka kun’wana. Milawu yaku tekiwa ka vuhosi ayi twisiseki, naswona matimu ya va Venda aya vulavula hiku kwetlembetana ka loyi angata teka vuhosi, leswi na namuntlha swahariki kona.
Xitembe xa Ndzhavuko wa va Venda
Hambi leswi ava tshama exikarhi ka va Venda,va Lemba kahari na leswi vanga swi endleki (kufana na kudya nguluve) leswi swikomba ntumbuluko wa vona wo hlawuleka. Van’wana vahlamusela leswaku va Lemba va Northern Province nale Zimbabwe vatumbuluke eka vaxavisi vama Arab lava avakumeka exikarhi ka East Africa nale Zimbabwean kuringana ti centuries totala leti hundzeke.
Va Lemba hi voxe ava tshemba leswaku hivona ma Black Jews, lava tumbulukaka eka rixaka leri lahlekeke rama Israel. Swinga khathaleki leswaku vasukela kwihi, vavile na xiave xa nkoka swinene eka kufambisa tinhundzu eka precolonial iron xikan’we na kuxavisiwa ka nsuku.
Khale, akungari na wansati na un’we wa mu Lemba loyi ata tekiwa hi wanuna wa mu Venda, naswona kuva wanuna wa mu Lemba a teka wansati wa mu Venda a swikala swinene. Loko wansati wa mu Venda o tekiwa hi wanuna wa mu Lemba, a fanele ku endleriwa ntirho waku n’wi cinca leswaku a hundzuka mu Lemba. Leswi kufikela sweswi swaha endliwa, hambi leswi kungova eka matsalwa kufikela namuntlha.
Ku xavisa, nyimpi xikan’we naku tekana kusukela eka tinxaka leti hambanaka na va Tsonga, va Lobedu, ma Zulu, ma Swazi xikan’we na tinxaka tinwani swisiye xitembe eka ndzhavuko wa va Venda.
Nhenha ya va Venda: Ngoma ya vafi
Ngoma, Ngoma Lungundu (ngoma ya vafi kumbe ya Mwari), i xilo lexinga xikarhi swinene eka maendlelo ya ndzhavuko wa va Singo: loko yi chayiwa hi hosi hinkarhi wa nhlaselo, ayita sirhelela vanhu eka nhlaselo kutani yiva pfumelela ku hlula valala vavona.
Ngoma leyi ayi tisa ku chava swinene eka mimoya ya valala laha avatitwa va rhurhumela swinene, va wela ehansi kutani valova. Kuya hi ndzhavuko hi leswaku loko ngoma leyi yi chayiwa ayi endla leswaku varixaka ra Singo vakota ku teka rendzo rakuya teka naku khoma misava leyinga e dzongeni wa Limpopo.
Minkarhi yin’wana, loko ngoma leyi yiti chaya hi yoxe, xikwembu xale hansi lexinga vonakeki xa Mwari, lexinga nyika ngoma leyi eka tihosi ta Singo, ayi tlangiwa hi xona. Van’wana vavula leswaku, endzhaku ka kuhlaseriwa ka Dzata, ngoma leyi ayi tumbetiwe e bakwini kusuhi nale Netshiendeulu, laha vatshami vakona akuri va hlayisi va yona.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni