Ku Fuwa Timbuti e Afrika Dzonga

Afrika Dzonga ayi humelerisi ngopfu timbuti, yihumelerisa kwalomu ka 3% wa timbuti ta Afrika naswona tile hansi hi 1% eka nhlayo ya misava. Timbuti tikumeka hinkwako etikweni laha swifundzha swa Eastern Cape, Limpopo na KwaZulu-Natal swinga swona swihumelerisaka ngopfu, laha kukumekaka nhlayo yoringana 70% wa timbuti leti hanyaka. Timbuti e Afrika Dzonga ti fuyeriwa nyama, masi na voya kumbe dzovo.

Nyama, Masi na Timbuti ta Voya/Dzovo

©SA Milch Goat Breeders Society

Muxaka wa nkoka swinene eka tinxaka ta timbuti leti xavisiwaka ta nyama i muxaka wa Boer goat, Savanna na Kalahari Red letinga tlhelaka ti humesa nhlayo yale hansi ya dzovo. Nyama ya mbuti yivuriwa chevon (kusuka eka timbuti letikulu) na cabrito loko nyama yihuma eka xifuwo lexintsongo. Chevon yile exikarhi ka 50-60% wa mafurha yale hansi kutlula nyama ya homu kambe tina ti protein leti ringanaka. Chevon yile hansi hi mafurha loko yipimanyisiwa nay a huku. Lesotho hi yona yi fambaka emahlweni hiku xavisa chevon, leyingana 74% wa timakete to xavisela kona tinga laha Afrika Dzonga ya nyama ya chevon hi 2016.
Kutirhisiwa ka voya tani hi swo engetelela leswi xavisiwaka eka bindzu ro fuwa timbuti swinga endla leswaku swivuyerisa swinene e Afrika Dzonga. Ku engetela kwalano, ku endliwa ka mintlawa leyintsongo ya agro-industries leswi cincaka voya kuya eka switirhisiwa sworhunga leswi vangaka mintirho ema tiko xikaya. Vulavisisi lebyinga endliwa laha Afrika Dzonga byi komba leswaku timbuti talaha kaya tofana na Boer goat, tina tinxaka timbiri ta dzovo – kunga voya byo tiyela naleri ro olova ra muxaka wa cashmere. Kambe nhlayo ya cashmere fibre yitala kuva yinga amukeleki ngopfu eka kuxavisiwa.
Vuhumelerisi bya cashmere byifanele ku voniwa hindlela yakuva timbuti tihumelerisiwa hi xikongomelo xa nyama na masi- muxaka wa cashmere lowu humelerisiwaka wuhetelela wungaha tirhisiwi nchumu. Hikokwalaho ka sweswo, swina nkoka kukuma ndzinganelo exikarhi ka vuhumelerisi bya nyama na voya kumbe dzovo. Timbuti ta Angora (Capra hircus aegagrus) tihumelerisa mohair loko timbuti ta Russian Gorno Altaitihumelerisa cashmere – leyinga lala swinene ya kwalomu ka 18,5 µm (micrometer) no vevuka swinene. Vanwamapurasi valaha Afrika Dzonga vahumelerisa kwalomu ka 60% ya vuhumelerisi bya misava hinkwayo ya mohair, ngopfu ngopfu e tindzhawini ta Karoo e xifundzheni xa Eastern Cape, laha mohair yotala yiyisiwaka ehandle kusuka e harbour yale Port Elizabeth.
Tinxaka ta timbuti ta masi i Saanen, Toggenburg na British Alpine. Leti tivuriwa timbuti ta milch. Masi ya mbuti yale hansi hi nhlayo ya lactose loko ya pimanyisiwa na masi ya homu naswona ayana A1 casein, protein leyinga tisaka kupfimba eka vatirhisi votala.

Timbuti tale kaya e Afrika Dzonga

©Marinda Louw

‘Indigenous Goats’ swivula minxaka yohambana hambana ya timbuti leti fuyiwaka hi vahumelerisi lavantsongo naswona swihoxa xandla eka swilaveko swa mindyangu swa nyama na masi kantsongo, leswiyaka kuya hi swilaveko swa vaaki. Timbuti leti natona tiva na voya byotala hi xixika. Timbuti leti tikumeka ngopfu exifundzheni xa Eastern Cape. Timbuti leti atitekiwi tiri ta nyama hikokwalaho ka ntsumbu wakona lowunga wuntsongo kumbe kuva ya masi hikuva yikota kuhumelerisa masi yale hansi kuringanela swimbutani swa yona.
Vafuwi lava fuwelaka ku xavisa vatala kufuwa timbuti ta Boer goats na Angora goats loko van’wamapurasi lavantsongo vari na timbuti ta xikaya eka xindzhawana xintsongo. Timbuti ta xikaya tiyimela kwalomu ka 65% wa timbuti e Afrika Dzonga, kambe eka kuhlawula ka vurhon’wani naku hlanganisiwa na timbuti ta xikaya, timbuti tinharhu to hlawuleka leti humelerisaka nyama ta - Boer goat, Kalahari Red na Savanna tive kona.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni