Ubulwelwe i-Dead Arm Disease
Ubulwelwe be-Dead arm disease bubangelwa yikowani ebizwa bona yi-Phomopsis viticola. Amatjhwayo waso kubalwa isilonda esinzotho esigodweni samadiribe sesibili nesesithathu. Iyabonakala ekuthomeni kwesikhathi sonyaka sokutjala amadiriyibe, nasiqeda ukubloma isitjalo. Lokhu kubangela bona isitjalo silobe ngombana iingodo zediriyibe ziphuka msinya lapha kunesilonda khona. Amatjhatjhani arondo asarulani anamatjhatjhani anzima avela emakarini–ungawafanisa msinya nokumoseka okubangelwa yi- paraquat herbicide. Ubulwelwe i-Dead arm disease bulawulwa lokha isitjalo sithoma ukubloma. Iingodo ezineenlonda kufanele zisuswe ngokuzi-pruna ngombana iinlonda zingabangela bona amanye amadiriyibe abanjwe bulwelobu.I-Botrytis
I-Botrytis ithoma njengobulwelwe obunzotho okukhanyako kwebala esikhunjeni sediriyibe. Isikhumba sediriyibe sithoma sisuke enyameni (nekulitjhwayo elijayeleke khulu) lokha ubujamo bezulu bumanzi, kuba nemigodi yenkowani ezisamlotha ezibonakala ediriyibeni. Ibangelwa zinkowani ezibizwa bona yi- Botrytis cinerea, ezingarholela ekwenzekeni kwewayini ebizwa bona yi-noble rot white wines efunwa khulu ngebanga lobujamo bayo obuthize. Eskhathini esinengi i- Botrytis irholela ekubeni kube nesivuno esimbi, newayini lekhwalithi ephasi, begodu yenza nokobana iwayini ebomvu yaso inganambitheki.I- Botrytis, ingalawulwa ngokobana kusprayiwe isihlahla sokubulala iingogwani kusukela lokha amadiriyibe nakathoma ukuthela kuya lokha ayokuvunwa. Ukulawula bona umbala uhlale ukhona (lokha amadiriyibe athoma ukuvuthwa, begodu atjhuguluka nombala) kuya ngesikhathi sokuvuna, begodu kubalulekile. Ukulawulwa kwe-canopy kuyatlhogeka ukuphungula amakari azeleko. Lokha amakari azeleko, kulapho i-microclimate ezungeleze iwoma lamadribe ibanomswakama khona.
Indawo enomswakama le igcugcuzela ukumila kwembobo ze-botrytis i-aeration ehle, nayo iba ngunobangela wokoma msinya kwamakari ngemva kokuna kwezulu. Amasimu wamadiriyibe anomswakama khulu avamise ukubajwa bulwelobu. Njeke ungavumeli ukuvundiswa kwehlabathi ngokusebenzisa isivundisi esine-Nitrogen eendaweni ezibuthakathaka ukwenzela ukuphungula ukukhula khulu kwamakari Emasimini wamadiriyibe esele abanjwe bulwelobu kufanele asuswe begodu atjhiswe.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana