Imizi Yemakhaya YamaTsonga
Ngonyaka ka-1980 amaplasi ase-lowveld gade afaneleke kobana kungalinywa bekuzunywe kiwo, begodu abaniniwo bawathengisela msinya laba egade bafuna amaminerali.
Abantu abakhuluma isiTsonga endaweni le babhadela irende ebasisini ekhabe bangekho, lokha abanikazi bendawo nabasebenza enarheni abahlali gade babhadela ukuhlala enarheni leyo ngokobana basebenzele abanini benarha (kwesinye isikhathi esingaba zinyanga ezintandathu ngonyaka).
Lokha inani lenarha nalikhuphukako, iincenye ezinengi ze-Lowveld zamenyezelwa kobana azinabo ubulwelwe bakamalalehlengezela kanye nobulwelwe bokulala, abahlali bakatelelwa kobana babezinsebenzi zenkotraga nanyana bakhambe eplasinelo.
Umthetho wamapasi gade ungavumeli bona bahlale emadorobheni, imindeni eminengi gade ihlala eendaweni ezabelwe abasebenzi be-Africa. Kodwana godu bafuduswa ngamakhampeyini we- 'betterment' ngeminyaka yabo 1940 ekhabe ifuna ukwenza imizi yemakhaya bona ibe zizabelo ezikulu, ifake amafensi ahlukanisa inarha evundileko naleyo engakavundi.
Ngeminyaka yabo-1960 kanye neyabo-1970 imiphakathi yahlukaniswa phakathi lokha imindeni nayifudukiselwa imizini yemakhaya e-Gazankulu. Ukobana babhadele intela kanye nokuhlala babanengi endaweni yinye kwenza bona abantu bathembele emisebenzini ebanga yenza bakude nekhaya.
Lokhu kwabangela bona amadoda atjhiye imindeni yawo isikhathi eside, ngitjho nanamhlanjesi abafazi abasendaweni zemakhaya basafuna imisebenza eyenziwa ngesikhathi esithize sonyaka emaplasini aseduze. Selekuhlangene nepilo ebudisi ephilwa emakrestini, indlela imindeni le ibambeke ngayo sele irholele entweni ezinengi ezihlubayezako ezifana nokusela khulu, intumbantonga, kanye nokuzithwala kwelutjha begodu izinga labantu abangasebenziko liphezulu.
Imizi Yemakhaya Yesintu YamaTsonga
Umuzi wekhaya wamaTsonga unendonda, umfazi wayo nanyana abafazi, abentwababo kanye nemindeni yamadodana wawo athetheko. Ukwakhwa kwemizi, erondo efulelwe ngotjani nanyana umgaba, kukhombisa imvelaphi yabo njengamaTsonga. Lokha imizi yakhona ingakakhiwa yafana kuyangokobana yakhiwe kuphi, yoke inento efana ngayo.
Imizi yemakhaya irondo begodu ikantjelwe ngefensi nanyana iboda yenziwe ngamagatja kanye neziqu zemithi. Esentha kunesibaya senkomo, phambi kwesango elikhulu elisetjenziswa babantu epumalanga yomuzi wekhaya. Elinye isango elirholela emasimini kunalapha amalunga wekhaya akha khona amanzi.
Umuzi womfazi omkhulu (undlukunkulu) ungemva kwesibaya begodu yakhiwa Inga ijame erini laka-12 poro, kuthi wabafazi abanye ube ngesandleni sesidla nesesincele eduze kwawo. Umfazi ngomunye unesibuya sakhe, nekuyindawo lapha akampele khona ngamatje, ngomgaba nanyana lapha enze khona isirhodlo. Undlunkulu uvamise ukuba nendlwakhe ayedwa, lapha abeka khona isiphila nezinye izinto zakhe, evamise ukuba makhiwo omncani ophakanyisiweko.
Abentwana babekwa bodwa ngokuya ngobulili babo –abentazana baba nelawu labo hlangana nejarida babe nelawu labo eduze kwesibaya kanye nesango. Indawo ekhethekileko, evamise kobana yenziwe ngengodo kanye namagatja iba ngaphasi komuthi, begodu isetjenziselwa ukubamba imihlangano, enye indawo ebizwa ngokobana ligandelo, engaba nanyana kukuphi eduze komuthi, yenzele ukuphahla.Ibandla, elitholakala lakhiwe ngaphandle nanyana ngaphakathi komuzi, kulapha amadoda ahlanganela khona akhulumisane ngendaba zemizi yawo. Begodu akunamfazi nanyana umntwana ovunyelweko lapha.
Amandla ekhaya ebuya endodeni, ehlonitjhwa mfazayo kanye nabentwabayo. Eenhlobeni, ubujamo babafazi bayo buya ngokulandelana kwabo emtjhadweni. Umfazi wokuthoma (omfazi omkhulu) nguye odosa phambili okutjho bona kufanele bona ahlonitjhwe ngabamhlandelako. Ukuhlonitjhwa komfazi kuya nangokobana unabentwana abangaki. Ubujamo babo kanye nobulili babo buletha ubuhlobo ebantwaneni bekhabo. Ukungezelela imithetho yokuziphatha, imisebenzabo, amalungelo bawaphiwa ngokuya ngokobana beziphethe njani.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana