Irhwebo Lejiyoloji
Irhwebo le-geology libudisi. Ukudlula lokho, i-Richtersveld kanye neNamaqualand zindawo ezisele zibe negoloji ede nebudisi, okurara umkhumbulo. Nanyana kunjalo, ijamo lenarha yakhona Ede, ipilo yentjalo, amaminerali alapha, ukurega kwamasiko wesifundesi kuhlangene namatje walapha.
Njeke, asiqale msinya indaba nayi.
Amatje atholwe kokuthoma esifundeni seNamaqualand, atholwa eminyakeni eyi-2 billion eyadlulako. Yaziwa njenge-Orange River Group, ubunengi abate la mandate wendabuko, anga asa-volcano ngokwemvelo. Ilava ye-Orange River Group yabese ivalwa mamatje womhlobo we-sandstone. Lokhu kusabonakala lapha kwenzeke khona i-Rosyntjieberg, eseRichtersveld National Park.
Isiga se-Intrusion
Kweza iskhathi eside lapha ilitje elincibilikileko le-Mantle lashovelwa emabharasini lapholela ngaphandle kwelitje. Lokhu kwarholela ekwakhekeni kwama-granite ambalwa asuka e- Knersvlakte (epumalanga ye-Vanrhynsdorp) aya e-Steinkopf. Indawo le yaziwa ngokobana yi-Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex nanyana Province, ngebanga lokobana umtjhiso osuka e-subterranean watjhugulula amatje azombeleze indawo le.
Njeke, amatje enziwe yi-volcano la atjhuguluka aba yi-schist, amatje ayi-shale atjhuguluka aba yi-slate, we-sandstone atjhuguluka aba yi-quartsize. ERichtersveld, hlangana kwamatje la kubalwa i-Vioolsdrift Suite (eyabekwa eminyakeni eyi-1.9.-1,75 eyadlulako) iRichtersveld Igneous Suite (esuka eminyakeni eyi-1 billion eyadlulako) kanye ne-Gannakouriep Suite esukela eminyakeni eyi-870 ukuya kweyi-540 eyadlulako.
Imizimba ye-Mafic
Into eqakathekileko ngesenzo sokukatelela amatje wendabuko hlangana kwamanye asele akhona kodwana angafiki ngaphandle, kuba khona kwamaminerali ayigugu. Amatje womhlobo we-ore amumethe ikhopha kanye namanye amaminerali ayigugu atholwa ematjeni abizwa bona yi-Koperberg Suite. Ikhopha yeNamaqualand idlale indima eqakathekileko ekuthuthukisweni kwesifundesi.
Kuthe eminyakeni eyi-850 eyadlulako, amatje we-Pangaea athoma ukuhlukana phakathi aye ekhontinethini esele siyazi kwanjesi. Lokhu kwabanga kobana kudaleke i-ocean trough esele iseNamaqualand. Imetheriyali yarhurhuleka e-hinterland yangena ku-trough leyo.
I-Vandersterr Kanye ne-Stinkfontein
ERichtersveld, kuthiwa iinsalela ezinyezi kuqatjangwa bona zabuthelelwa enyaweni zentaba. Lokhu kwabanga kobana kwenzeke i-calcium carbonate ingene ngemanzini, yenze i-limestone kanye ne-dolomite. Amatje la abanjwa mtjhiso awenza bona abemaje we-quaetzites kanye nemabula ase-Stinkfontein group. Amanye amatje ase-Stinkfontein group yi-Kaigas Formation, nekumamatje womhlobo we-tilite.
Iintaba zeVandersterr kanye neze-Stinkfontein (ebizwa bona mgogodlha weRichtersveld) ziyincenye yesqhema esimumethe iintaba ezide zendawo le. Ngokwe ekholoji, ziqakatheke khulu ngombana zidlala indima evikela amafu anobuswe kobana angangeni asuka e-Antlatic Ocean kobana angangeni phakathi. Lokhu kwenza bona iRichtersveld ibe nobujamo bezulu obuhlukahlukeneko enabobu, okwenza ngokobana ibe namathuthumbo amhlobohlobo enawo la.
INama kanye ne-Numees
Eminyakeni eyi-570 eyadlulako, kwaba nesikhathi esenza bona iinqhema zamaNama kanye nezamaNumees ezabe zimumethe i-dolomite, limestone, shale kanye ne-sandstone. Eminyakeni eyi-540 eyadlulako, isqhema samatje alele phasi akatelela ukungena ematjeni we-Kuboos-Bremen eyenzeka etjonalanga. Intaba ye-Ploegberg (eduze kwesigoga se-Kuboes) kanye ne-Tatasberg pluton (eseRichtersveld National Park) eyincenye yendawo le. Ama-plutons mamatje amakhulu enziwa yimetheriyali ye-volcano ephuma ku-mantle ipholele ngaphasi kwamatje layo, abonakale kwaphela nakusuke amatje angaphezu kwawo. Esinye Isibonelo se-pluton lilitje le-Paarl elidumileko elise South Western Cape.
Eminyakeni eyi-450 Million eyadlulako, yaragela phambili yenza i-bona i-continent bona iragele phambili ihlukane endaweni esele ibizwa bona yi-South western Cape.Lokhu kwenza bona iNamaqualand plateu idleke ifudukele epumalanga. Iinsalela ezathuthelwa lapho zenza intaba i-great Cape Fold kanye nehlabathi enganazakhimzimba yeCape Floral Kingdom (eyaziwa njenge-Fynbos).
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana