Ukuhelisa (lapho ubiyelela izitshalo)
Ukubheka Konke Ngokuhelisa (lapho ubiyelela izitshalo)
Trellised vines in the winter. The two cordon arms of the vine can be seen running along the cordon wire.
Umvini uyisitshalo esisabalalayo ngakho ukuhelisa uwubiyelele kuyadingeka kuwo ukuze kutshaleke kahle, kuzuzwe umkhiqizo osezingeni kuphinde kubelula ukuhlakulela isivini. Inzuzo ngokuhelisela izitshalo zakho kubalwa kuyo ukukwazi kwesivini sakho ukuthola ilanga elanele, kwenze kubengcono ukuqhakaza.
Lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni kwehlamvu kusize nasekulimeni konke okumele kwenziwe, ukusebenzisa ngokwanele ukukhanya kwelanga kubalulekile futhi uma iqabunga lihlume kahle esiqwini kubalula ukwenzeka kwe-fothosintesisi evamise ukwenzeka kumaqabunga ezitshalo ngemisebe yelanga enikeza umfutho bese iqabunga likhula, I north-south row iyindlela engcono yokusebenzisa ukuthola imisebe yelanga, kodwa endaweni evele ifudumele kungenzeka ibe nengcuphe yokonelwa isivini ilanga.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezisetshenziswayo zokuhelisela izitshalo ezisetshenziswayo embonini. Kwimboni lapho kukhiqizwa khona iwayini kusetchenzizwa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: i-pergola okungukwakhela uthango olunompheme ngamapulangwe, i-hedge okunguthango oluzungezile olwakhiwe ngezinkuni nanamaqabunga, oluzakhelwe ngezandla mhlawumbe ngowaya olu mechanical noma ngezinye izindlela zokuvalela. Isiheliso sesivini samagilebisi ksivamise ukuba side kakhulu futhi kuba umsebenzi ukusakha ngoba kumele sivumele abasebenzi ukuthi bakwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwezitshalo.
Isilinganiso sewayini elizokhiqizwa nakho kuyaba nomthelela ukuthi isiheliso sizoba singakanani. Izindlela zokuhelisa ezimaphakathi nendawo kuya kwezincane impela ngezewayini elisezingeni eliseqophelweni eliphezulu kanye nomkhiqizo omuncane olindelekile endaweni enokubanda, uma kuqhathaniswa izindlela ezinkulu kakhulu zokuhelisa lezo ngezomkhiqizo wewayini omukhulu esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Iphutha eliye lenzeke ukubekelela isiheliso esincane kakhulu nesishibhile kakhulu esingeke sikwazi ukubamba ukusabalala okukhula ngamandla kwesivini.
Ukusungula Indlela yothango lokuhelisa
Ngemuva kokuhlakulelwa komhlabathi nokutshalwa kwesivini, usuke usungakazwi ukuqala ukwakha isiheliso esikulungele. Indlela enhle ukuthi uqale ngokugxumeka izigxobo bese utshala isivini. Izigxobo zokhuni noma zikawaya azihleli zikhona njalo ngakho kumele ufake isicelo sokuzi oda kusenesikhathi. eNingizimu Afrika izigxobo zokhuni eziphekiwe izona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu uma kuheliswa, kodwa esikhathini samanje sekujwayelekile ukuthi abaningi baibalekele lendlela. Abanye babakhiqizi sebeqalile ukusebenzisa izigxobo zika khonkrithi (zikasimende), uplasitiki noma izigxobo zensimbi ukuhelisa.
Kuye kuqalwe ngokumaka imigodi lapho ihange lizogxunyekwa khona, uma amahange eseboshelwe kuyaye kube sekugxunyekwa izigxobo zamahange. Uma kuba nomoya omkhulu, izigxobo ziyaye zishoniswe phansi zojule. Isizathu esiqavile sokugxunyekwa kwehange ukubamba siqinise isiheliso liphinde livikele izigxobo ukuba zingawi nowaya bangaxegi. Ibhuloho likakhonkirithi lingasetshenziswa njengehange noma kusetshenziswe isibonda sensimbi endaweni enomhlabathi okhumuzelayo. Emva kokuba sekumbiwe yonke imigodi yezigxobo, qala ngokugxumeka izibonda zokuqala ezizoba ngaphandle komugqa olandelanayo, ngemuva kwalokho ulandele ezisemgqeni ophakathi nendawo ngokulandelana. Isigxobo esiyihange sisetshenziswa ngasekugcineni komugqa futhi sivamise ukugxunyekwa kwindawo enaphandle.
Izigxobo zesiheliso kumele zitshalwe phakathi kuka 45 kuya ku 60 cm ukujula futhi kumele izigxobo ziqgaqgane ngobubanzi obungamele budlule u 7 meters. Ukuze ukwazi ukulawula umpheme wakho ngokufanele ngemva kwesikhathi, izintambo zokudonsa umpheme (uwaya) ziyasetshetshizswa ukuze amaqabunga namahlumela kuzokwazi ukuthola ilanga. Izintambo zokudonsa umpheme ziyaboshelwa ziqiniswe ngowaya ophushelwe kwimbotshana egqobhozwe kwisigxobo noma ngokukwazi ukubophela insimbi inganyakazi (staple) lokhu akumele kudonswe kuqiniswe kuze kobe wonke amahange aseboshelwe ngokufanele.
Uwaya wensimbi kumele uqinisiwe uma kuntambama noma uma kushisa ilanga kuphela. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukuthi owaya bangaphunyuki uma sekushisa kakhulu. Uthango lwesiheliso nowaya wompheme kuhlanganiswa ndawonye phakathi kweigxobo. Isivini namahlumela kuye bese kuboshelwa kuwaya kuvumele ukuthi iphontshi lamagilebhisi likwazi ukuthola umoya nelanga.
Translated by Nokubonga Guliwe