Robben Island: Khotho Kha Vhanzhi

Nyimelo ya Vhafariwa vha u Thoma

©Eric Miller

Nyimelo tshiḽangadzimeni nga vho1700 zwi a konḓa u tou zwi amba nga mafhungo a ṱhahalelo ya zwo fodiwaho, na usa vha hone ha zwinwe zwifhaṱo, fhedzi muthu a nga kona u zwihumbulela uri vhutshilo ho vha hu songo leluwa. Vhunzhi ha vhafariwa vho vha vha tshi kombetshedzwa u shuma mishumo i konḓaho, u hwalela matombo. Zwiḽiwa zwine vha fhiwa zwone zwo vha zwi tshi vha zwi zwiṱuku, zwine zwo vha zwi tshi vhanga na mugwalabo kha vhafariwa.

A huna na tshithihi tshine tsho vha tshi tshi nga imisa u lavhelela mbofholowo na vhanzhi vho edzisa nga maanḓa u ṱoḓa u shavha khothoni lwa minwaha. Ndi zwa vhukuma vhathu vhanzhi vho shavha Robben Island hezwo ndi zwe vha funelwa zwone. Ho vha hu tshi tswiwa zwikepe zwiṱuku nḓuni yazwo, na zwikepe zwine zwa vha zwi tshi khou bva seli zwo vha zwi tshi ima tshiṱangadzimeni zwi siho mulayoni, vho fulufhela uri vha ḓo halwa minwe ya miraḓo vhanwe vha ḓo vha vho tou bambela u swika vha tshi swika shangoni.

Murafho wa Vhuvhili wa vha Fariwa vha Robben Island

Murafho wa u thoma wa vha fariwa vha polotiki Robben Island ho vha hu vha Khoi-Khoi vho no bva Cape, vhe vha vha vha tshi lwa na vha mulayo wa Dutch nahone vhunzhi havho vha vha rangaphanḓa vha vhuthubwani ubva kha tshinwe tshipiḓa tsha Dutch East India Company, sa ya Indonesia. Murafho wa vhuvhili ho vha hu vha rangaphanḓa vhane vha bva Eastern Cape vhe vha ḓo dzhiwa vha iswa tshiṱangadzimeni, tshinwe tshifhinga vha tshi vha vho fhelekedzwa nga vhafumakadzi vhavho na vhana.

Vha British vho vha vha tshi khou lwa na vhadzulapo musi vha tshi ri vha khou lingedza u hulisa Afrika Tshipembe. Nga nḓila ya hone, ho vha huna vhanwe vha fariwa vha zwa polotiki nga nnḓa ha vha ma Xhosa vhe vha ḓo fhedza tshifhinga Robben Island nga tshifhinga tsha vho 1800. Vhanwe vha dzi Bushmen na vha Khoi-Khoi vho iswa nga vhuimo hune vha vha naho Bokkeveld Rebellion ya 1824. Khosi ya vho Langalibalele, muhulwane wa lushaka lwa Hlubi, vho fariwa henefho ubva nga 1874 uya kha 1875 nga u lwisana na vha British forces kha ḽa Natal. Na murangaphanḓa wa nndwa ya Koranna, vho lwa tsini na mulambo wa Orange River nga 1870 na 1879, vho vha vho fariwa vha tshi khou hana u luvha Mutanuni wa shango.

Translated by Khalirendwe Nekhavhambe