Propolis i xilo xa vunharhu hi nkoka eka swilo leswi endliwaka hi tinyoxi naswona yina resin leyinga (50%), wax (30%), mafurha ya nkoka (10%), pollen (5%) nati organic compounds tin’wana letinga (5%). Yitlhela yiva na ti vitamin ta nkoka, leti fanaka na vitamins B1, B2, B6, C, na E xikan’we nati mineral to fana na magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), xikan’we na iron (Fe).
Kutlula kwalomu ka 300 wati compounds tivoniwile eka propolis, laha totala kunga leti humaka eka polyphenols (antioxidants). Ti antioxidants tipfuna ku lwisana na mavabyi xikan’we naku sivela ku hlaseriwa ka miri hi mavabyi.
Xana Propolis Yitirhisiwa Yini?
Kuva kutotiwa propolis endzeni ka baku, swi endla leswaku tinyoxi tiva tisirhelelekile eka ku hangalaka ka ti bacteria na fungi. Propolis, kutani, yitisa nsirhelelo xikanwe naku sirhelela baku naswona yile ka swin’wana swa matimba swinene leswi fambelanaka nati antimicrobial leti kumekaka hi ntumbuluko.Tinyoxi ta vulombe titirhisa propolis kuva titiyisa miri wa tona naswona titlhela tiyi tirhisa ku tota endzeni ka ti brood cells loko nyoxi ya queen yinga se tshikela matandza. Titlhela ti tirhisa propolis tani hi swo aka leswi hungutaka kumbe swi endlaka leswaku nyangwa wo nghena wuva wuntsongo laha kunga enyangweni wa baku, leswi endlaka leswaku swi olova kuva titi lwela.
Propolis yi tirhisiwa ku tota switsotswani leswi switaka ebakwini loko swifile, leswi sivelaka baku kuva ri hlaseriwa. Hi laha swifanaka, propolis ayi tirhisiwa hi rixaka ra khale ra ma Egyptians ku lhayisa ti mummies.
Propolis yitlhela yitirhisiwa hi vanhu hikuva yikota ku lwisana nati bacteria, ku kota ku horisa kupfimba xikan’we naku tiyisa masocha ya miri. Yinga toriwa kufana na mafurha ya nhlonge kulwisana na swirhumbani na psoriasis, kumbe yitirhisiwa eka xisibi naleka swinwana swotola. Yinga tlhela yidyiwa yiri xivumbeko xa propolis leyi fuweke hu vulombe kumbe yitekiwa tani hi tipilisi kumbe swihalaki. Propolis yinga xaviwa e tikhemisi, mavhengele ya swakudya swa rihanyo kumbe kusuka eka vahlayisis va tinyoxi.
Kuhumelerisiwa ka Propolis e SA
Eka nkarhi wasweswi, propolis yi humelerisiwa naku xavisiwa e Afrika Dzonga hi nhlayo yale hansi swinene. Mike Allsopp, mulavisisi nkulu e Honeybee Research Section of the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) e Stellenbosch u hlamusela leswaku: ‘Kuve na kuringeta kotala ku humelerisiwa naku xavisiwa ka propolis e Afrika Dzonga – kova kan’we ntsena laha tidyondzo tale henhla ta thesis ya MSc leyinga endliwa ku lavisisa mhaka leyi – kambe Afrika Dzonga ayi kotangi ku humelerisa nhlayo leyi ayi laveka kuringanela ku xavisela matiko yale handle. Propolis ya Afrika Dzonga iya khwalithi ya kahle swinene naswona yi tsakeriwa swinene, kambe vaxavisi vale handle valava nhlayo yale henhla swinene ya propolis kutlula leswi vahlayisi va tinyoxi va Afrika Dzonga vanga kotaka ku humelerisa hakona. Hambi swiritano, leyi i ndlela leyi yinga antswisiwaka kuya emahlweni e Afrika Dzonga.’Muhlayisi wa tinyoxi anga kota kuhumelerisa kwalomu a kilogram yin’we hi lembe, kambe leswi swixanisa swinene tinyoxi ta yena. Propolis hinkwayo leyi humelerisiwaka ehenhla ka hakelo yokarhi ehenhla ka kuhumelerisiwa ka vulombe. Ku humelerisiwa ka propolis ahi mbuyelo wa ngetelelo, kambe switeka vundzhawu bya kuhumelerisiwa ka vulombe-tinyoxi titirha ku humelerisa propolis laha tinga humelerisekii vulombe.
Propolis ya Afrika Dzonga yiva yinga humesiwangi ku hisa, kambe propolis leyi tisiwaka (kuva yitirhisiwa eka swotola nati tinctures) yinga tlhela yi humesiwa kuhisa kumbe kuvonakala.