Isiko Lombhino Eliregileko
AmaTsonga adume ngesiko lawo lokuthanda umbhino elithathelwe erhonweni lawo lokudlala imihlobo eyahlukileko yezinto zokwenza umbhino. Ezingahlukaniswa ngenchema ezintathu, ezenziwe ngentambo, ngomoya kanye ne-percussion.
Iinsimbi eziqakatheke khulu enza ngazo umbhino zibizwa bona yi-xizambi, umbhini ubamba istringhi ngamazinywakhe, ukobana kube ne-resonance, isigodo esine-resonator sihlikihlwa siyiswe phasi naphezulu ku-uhadi, lokha nakwenziwa umbhino. I-xitendze yihadi eliyirhabhana elinanyathiselweko elenza umsebenzi we-resonator. I-mgangala, isadlalwa nanamhlanje, imigaba obhoboziweko odoswa ngemino, lokha i-xipendana kuyi-uhadi elinestringhi elinesibambo esidege esidoswa ngesimbi esipara.
Izinto zokwenza umbhino ngokusebenzisa umoya yi-flute –xitiringo enentrunja ezintathu, i-shepherd pipe –nanga kanye nephondo leqina-mhalamhala.
Izinto zokwenza umbhino we-percussion zifaka hlangana amadramu kanye ne-tambourine. I-tambourine erondo esipara – tsomane idlalwa zizangoma lokha nazilapha abantu abangenwe madimoni.
Hlangana kwamadramu abawadlalako kubalwa i-ndzumba kanye nesigubhu, esibetjhwa lokha abesana nabentazana nabaya engomeni nalokha nakugoduka ingoma nasele kugidingwa. Kunezinto zokwenza umbhino ezimbili ezisetjenziselwa ukwenza umbhino zombili akusingezendabuko yamaTsonga, ziwela ngale komhlobo lo.
Ukuyipiyano edlalwa ngesandla enensimbi ezizistringhi ezibunane,ezingaba yi-10 yamasenthimitha - 4 ngobude, bese zibe yisenthimitha yinye -(1/2) ngobubanzi, ezikakarele esiqetjhaneni segodo, esidlalwa ngokobana kubetjhwe iinsinjana ezimtletlana, omunye umhlobo wesimbi edlalwako yi-xylophone enama-keyboard enziwe ngengodo kanye ne-resonator eyenziwe ngerhabha.
Umbhino wamaTsonga sele utjhugulukile kusukela wathonywa ukurikhodwa ngeminyaka yabo-1920. Namhlanjesi sele ungeminye yemibhino ethandwa khulu enarheni, begodu uhlanganisa amasiko wenarha le newezinye iinarha.
Translated by Busisiwe Prudance Skhosana