Imvelaphi ye rasbheri ikumazwekazi ase Asia, North America, kunye nase Europe. Zaqala ukonwatyelwa kwilizwe lase Greece ukusukela kwiminyaka yamandulo. uKumkani Edward I waba ngowokuqala ukuyalela ukulinywa kwesi siqhamo. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni iigadi zase Ngilani zizale yimithi ye rasbheri ngeminyaka yoo sentyuri 13. Kwathi kufika isentyuri 18, imveliso yayisele inwenwele kulo lonke elase Europe.
Iziqhamo ze rasbheri zazibonwa njengokutya kwezinana, njengoko yayizizinana ezinemali kuphela ezazikwazi ukuthenga ezi ziqhaim. Kwathi kufika iminyaka ye Middle Ages, kwakusele kukho imisebenzi yayo emininzi yonyango lwempilo, kwakunye nokutshintsha umbala wokutya.
Le rasbheri inemisebenzi emininzi, kungenzeka ukuba yafumana igama layo kwi wayini enombala we ntyatyambo ye rose bizwa nge raspey. Kukholeleka ukuba igama lolwimi lwesi Jaman lolwimi elithi ‘raspoie’, nelithetha ihlahla elomeleleyo okanye elesi Ngesi elithi ‘rasp’- nelibhekisele kuburhabaxa bomphandle wesi siqhamo, lisenokuba lilo elakhuthaza igama lesi siqhamo njengokuba silazi namhlanje.
Imveliso ya Mazwe nga Mazwe
Imveliso yamazwe ngamazwe iphinda phindene kabini ukusukela kumnyaka ka 2007, kuba abathengi baya beyikhathalela ngakumbi impilo yabo kwaye irasbheri sele ibonwa njenge sidlo esine izthako ezininzi. Abona bavelisi bahamba phambili, njengengxelo ye International Raspberry Organisation ngamazwe aswe Poland, Serbia, Chile kunye nase China.
Ilizwe lase Poland lingaphantsi linama 26 000 ha alinyiweyo ngomnyaka ka 2016. Kuphume isivuno esingama 120 000 eetoni zesiqhamo kwi 4.5 tons kwi hekthare nganye. Logama ilizwe lase Serbia lalinama 15 000 ha aphantsi kwemveliso, navelisa isivuno sama 110 000 eetoni 5.6 eetoni/ha. Ngomnyama ka 2019, ilizwe lase China lalinama 15 000 ha, avelise iitoni ezingama 75 000 zeziqhamo kwisi 5 tons/ha. Ilizwe lase Chile lalinama 9 000 ha aphantsi kwemveliso, avelise ama 36 000 tons eziqhamo kwi 4 tons/ha.
Ilizwe lase Melika, neli hamba phambili nalo kwimveliso, lalinama 4 200 aphantsi kwemveliso ngomnyaka ka 2018. Ezi zityalo zavelisa isivuno esingama 48 000 tons eziqhamo kwisibalo se 11 tons/ha. Uninzi lwezi ziqhamo zilinywa eCalifornia.
Imveliso Yase Lizweni
Nangona imveliso ikhula eMzantsi Afrika, basembalwe osomashishini abavelisa esi siqhamo. Isibalo se mveliso sibalelwa kuma 8% kuphela emveliso, ukuba asikho ngaphezulwana kancinci. Kukho iindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezibangela oku. Esinye sesizathu kukuba imbewu okanye izithole zesi sityalo sinqabile kwaye kunzima ukusifumana. Ulimo lwayo ngumsebenzi omninzi kwaye kudingeka izixhobo ezixabisayo zokupholisa isivuno. Esi siqhamo sonakala msinyana kwaye asihlali xesha lide emva kokuvunwa.
Imveliso
Kulinywa kakhulu kumaphondo ase Ntshona Koloni nase Free State. Iirasbheri zivamise ukulinywa kwimihlaba enakho ukufunxa amanzi kunye nezinongo zendalo. Ingeniso ephezulu ikhuthaze abavelisi kwamanye amazwe ukuba balime ezi ziqhamo phantsi kokhuseleko lomthunzi weminatha okanye amatonela. Ukuba oku kuzakuba licebo elisebenzayo eMzantsi Afrika, kuza kuxhomekeka kwixabiso lwezixhobo zokwakha kunye nela mandla ombane ozakudingeka ukulawula imozulu.
Ixesha Lemveliso
Iindidi zohlobo lwe Summer bearers zidinga ukuba sendaweni ebandayo, ziyafana nam apile, kwaye zivelisa isivuno esinye ngexesha lase hlotyeni. Zinakho ukuchuma kakuhle kwiingingqi apho kutyalwa khona ama apile.
Iindidi zohlobo lwe Autumn bearers azidingi kuba sendaweni ebandayo kangako. Zithwala isiqhamo ekuqaleni kwexesha lase hlotyeni ziphinde kwakhona ekupheleni kwexesha lase hlotyeni. Zifanelwe kukutyalwa kwingingqi ezingafudumelanga nezinganqatyelwa kanfanko ziimvula. Zinakho ukuchuma kwii ndawo ezininzi apho kutyalwa khona ama apile.
Iindidi Zesi Qhamo
Iindidi zesiqhamo zityalwa, ubukhulu bechala ngokuxhomekeke kwingingqi kunye nokufunwa kwayo. Iziqhamo ezilunga ngexesha lase Ntwasahlobo zii Glen Prosen, Glen Lyon kunye ne Tulameen, logama ezo zilunga ekwindla zii Heritage kunye ne Autumn bliss.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwindidi leyo yesityalo, iziqhamo zisenokuba bomvu, mnyama, tyheli kunye nomfusa. Ezi rasbheri zibomvu nezityheli zezentlobo enye yesityalo kwaye zezona ziqinileyo. Iibheri ezimnyama zezendidi eyahlukileyo yesityalo. Zona ke azinakho ukumelana ncam nengqele kwaye zineentanga ezininzi kunezo zibomvu. Iindidi ezimfusa ziyachuma kakhulu kwaye zenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwee rasbheri ezimnyama kunye nezibomvu.
Ukupholisa kunye neqondo lokuvuthwa kubanalo igalelo kumbala. Ngomnyaka ka 2019, iirasbheri ezifunwa kakhulu ngabathengi zezi zinombala ubomvu ocacileyo okanye opinki de zibengathi zifuna ukuba orenji.
Intengiso
Intengo ye rasbheri yalapha elizweni nakumazwe angaphandle iya ikhula ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Uninzi lwee rasbheri zase Mzantsi Afrika zithengiswa kumazwe angaphandle. Isibalo esimalunga nama 80% esi siqhamo sithengiswa kwelase United Kingdom. Ama 20% aseleyo athunyelwa eMbindi Mpuma kunye nakumazwe ase Europe.
Imisebenzi
Iirasbheri zibizwa njengokutya okunayo yonke into, kuba zizele zii antioxidants, faybha kwaye ziqulathe amaqondo aphezulu e vithamin A kunye no C. Azina mafutha (cholesterol-free) kwaye ziqulathe nee phytonutrients, nekuthiwa zithintela ukutyeba ngokugqithisileyo ngokuthi inyuse izinga lokusebenza kwe enzyme kunye nokusetyenziswa komoya-oxygen.
Iirasberi zingonwatyelwa zinjalo njenge siqhamo okanye zifakwe kwii dessert, iijusi kunye nee yogathi, iziselo, iitart, iti kunye neejem.
Trnslated by Zizipho Silwana