Sorghum e Afrika Dzonga

©Grain SA
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) i grain leyi pfumalaka gluten naswona yile ka xiyimo xa vuntlhanu hiku byariwa emisaveni hinkwayo endzhaku ka wheat, rhayisi, xifaki na barley. Sorghum yitlhela yitiveka tani hi mabele thoro, Amazinba na Amabele. Lexi i ximilani lexinga leha xa byasi lexi milaka xiva na matluka yo phambarhala (kufana na mavele) naswona xihumesa ti grains eka ximilani lexifanaka swinene na ribyasi. Sweswi kuna tinxaka to tlula 30 kambe tingava tisukela e Ethiopia kutani tihangalaka na Afrika na tindzhawu tin’wana ta misava.
Sorghum leyi rimiwaka laha Afrika Dzonga yibyariwa eka tindzhawu letinga oma swinene eswifundzeni swale n’walungwini wa tiko ra Afrika Dzonga laha yibyariwaka exikarhi ta October kuya exikarhi ka December. Xifundzha xa Free State xihumelerisa kwalomu ka 50% wa sorghum ya tiko ra Afrika Dzonga hinkwaro. Mbuyelo wale xikarhi lowu humelerisiwaka wa mbewu ya grain wu leka 2 ton/ha.

Switirhisiwa swa Sorghum

Sorghum yi byaleriwa ku dyiwa hi vanhu (cereal, flawuri na byalwa) xikan’we naku phamela swifuwo tani hi silage kumbe ku endliwa hay. Sorghum yitlhela yitirhisiwa ku endla switirhisiwa swin’wana swofana nati biodegradable packaging, wallboard, xikan’we naku humelerisiwa kati baskets nati brachi. Nhlayo ya xitaci eka grain sorghum i 7 - 10% e henhla kutlula mavele, leswi endlaka leswaku yikota kahle kuhumelerisa ethanol. Ethanol yitirhisiwa eka mafurha ya swofamba.

Ku dya Sorghum

Sorghum grain yitirhisiwa ku endla flawuri naswona yi endla mukapu (wofana na ‘Maltabella’), xinkwa lexi pfumalaka swikukumuxi, makukisi, makhekhe, couscous na swotima torha leswingana malt. Ku dyiwa ka grain hinkwayo swinga tiyisiwa swakudya swa xiyimo xale henhla; loveka e matini vusiku hinkwabyo kutani u virisa kufana na rhayisi. Sorghum hiyin’wana ya leswingana fiber ya kahle, yile henhla hiti protein, yinyika iron, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, calcium, zinc xikan’we na potassium loko leyara ya bran ya sorghum yiri na ti antioxidants totala kutlula ti blueberries, strawberries, nati plums.

Sorghum Tani hi Swakudya swa Swifuwo

Tani hi swakudya swa swifuwo, sorghum yinyikela matimba eka tihuku, tinguluve, tihomu, tinyimpfu na swin’wana swifuwo. Ti grains tifanele ku lulamisiwa loko tinga se nyikeriwa swifuwo – leswaku swita olova ku gayeriwa, tinga gayiwa, ti kandziwa kumbe ku vandzekiwa loko tinga se tirhisiwa. Sorghum yikahle tani hi swakudya swa ximumu eka swifuwo –kuva yiva silage kumbe hay loko yibyariwe laha ku cheletiwaka eka tindzhawu letinga oma.
Tinhu takona tinga dyiwa hi swifuwo endzhaku ka ntshovelo hikuva tinxaka tin’wana tisala tiri rihlaza kuringana nkarhi woleha. Nhlayo yale henhla ya mbuyelo wa sorghum wukumeka loko yivupfile kumbe loko tinhu tiri kwalomu ka 80 kuya eka 120 cm hiku leha. Ku leha loku kululamela hay, silage na green chop naswona tidyeka kahle loko tiri 20 kuya eka 30 cm hiku leha.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni