Laha madyelo se yangakona, n’wa mapurasi anga teka xiboho xaku antswisa madyelo hikuva a haxa mbewu yin’wana kumbe hiku lawula madyelo lawa yanga kona.
Loko madyelo yari na 40 - 75% wa swibyariwa leswinga kona, madyelo yantshwa yanga byariwa hiku haxiwa ka mbewu eka madyelo lawa ya hanyaka, kambe loko kusele madyelo yale hansi ka 40%, swingava swo antswa ku pfuxeta madyelo.
Loko u lulamisela ku byala madyelo, hivumbirhi bya xiyimo xa misava xikan’we na muxaka ya misava ya ndzhawu yo byalela eka yona swina xiave xa nkoka swinene eka kutiva swibyariwa swa madyelo leswi hlawuriwaka. Swita tlhela swi hlamusela ndlela ya mabyalelo.
Tirhisa mbewu yintshwa ya khwalithi yale henhla xikan’we naloko kungase byariwa ti legumes, tiyisisa leswaku u sawutisa mbewu hi nhlayo leyi ringaneleke ya Rhizobium bacteria kupfumelela leswaku kuva na ndzulamiso wa kahle wa nitrogen emisaveni.
Vutisa muphakeri wa wena wa mbewu kukuma switsundzuxo eka ndzhawu na kuhlawula mbewu.
Ku Hlawuriwa Ka Ndzhawu Yo Byalela Madyelo
Mbuyelo lowunga fikeleriwaka wa madyelo wuta hlohleteriwa hi xivumbeko xa misava xikan’we na kunona. Xikombiso, misava ya subsoil ya ndzhawu yinga sivela kunghenelela ka mati, swivanga misava yale henhla kuva yitala mati. Madyelo lawa ya rhandzaka ndzhongho kufana na Napier na byasi bya bana kungava nhlawulo wa kahle.
Ku voyama ka misava swi hlohletela nkhuluko wa mati xikan’we na nkhukhulo wa misava leswi swinga lavaka magoza yaku swisivela. Ku nonokisa ka rivilo ra kurhelela ka mati kusuka e henhla, byasi lebyi navaka byinga byariwa hi mabandi yo bumbula. Leswi swita endla leswaku kuva na kutlakuka ka kunghenelela ka mati emisaveni.
Ku Kunguhata Madyelo
Sungula ku lulamisa misava kwalomu ka 6 - 12 wa tinhweti loko kunga se fika siku robyala. Loko kungase byariwa swimilani swinwani na swinwani, swina nkoka kuva misava yikamberiwa ku tiva leswi xotaka na pH ya misava. Swikambelo leswi swa misava swikombeta swimilani swa madyelo leswinga lulamela muxaka wa misava yoleyo. Endzhaku ka sweswo, swakudya swinga cheriwa eka misava xikan’we na swononisa ku antswisa misava. Hlanganisa ku antswisa loku lavekaka, manyoro na swakudya hinkarhi lowu kululamiseriwaka ti seedbed kumbe ku byala.
Ku Lulamisiwa Ka Ti Seedbed
Mbewu ya byasi byotala nati legumes i yintsongo swinene naswona swina nkoka leswaku na seedbed yi ringana, yipfumala nhova no tiya. Mbewu yilava ndzhongho ku mila kutani yi huma timintsu, se kuhlangana kahle ka mbewu na misava swina nkoka ku tiyisisa ndzhongho lowu ringaneleke ekusuhi na mbewu.
Ku lulamisiwa kati seedbed swiya hi muxaka wa switirhisiwa leswinga kona. Loko madyelo yantshwa ya endliwa, kulava ku pfuxetiwa loko kuriku madyelo yakhale ya pfuxetiwa, kunga antswa maendlelo ya no-till drill.
Ku byala swinga endliwa hi maendlelo ya no-till. Eka mabyalelo ya ntolovelo, ti seedbed ti rimiwa ti harikiwa kululamisela ti seedbed na maendlelo ya no-till, mbewu yibyariwa kunga kavanyetiwangi misava hi muchini.
Mabyalelo yantolovelo ya fanele kutirhisiwa loko kutirhisiwa ti seedbed leti lavekaka. Swifayelela magavadi lawakulu naswona van’wamapurasi van’wana va ehleketa leswaku swilulamisela misava hiku hatlisa naswona swipfuneta ku endla madyelo lawa ya fanaka. Hambiswiritano, kupfuxetiwa ka misava swa ntolovelo swinga cinca xivumbeko xa misava kutani swivanga nkhukhulo wa misava.
Kunga pfuxetiwi ka misava swikatsa ku byariwa ka mbewu eka madyelo lawa yanga hlakala. Masalela ya fanele kusungula ya hungutiwa hikuva swifuwo swi dya ngopfu kumbe kususiwa ka hay. Maendlelo ya no-till ya hunguta nkhukhulo wa misava xikan’we naku hlayisa ndzhongho kambe swimilani swinga mila hiku nonoka naku pfumala ndzingano.
Nkarhi Wa Kahle Wo Byala
Loko kubyariwa madyelo, siku robyala rina nkoka. Swile rivaleni, kuhlawuriwa ka madyelo – lawa ya kulaka hi ximumu kumbe hi xixika hiswona swingata tiyisisa nkarhi wo byala. Kahle kahle, n’wamapurasi u fanele kuva na madyelo lawa lulameke himinkarhi ya vukalo bya swakudya kumbe dyandza.
Ku kunguhata nkarhi wobyala swita tlhela swi kombisa leswaku ntshovelo wutava kona rini. Tekela enhlokweni leswaku madyelo ayangata dyiwa ntsena kambe yanga tlhela ya tshoveriwa kutani yahlayisiwa tani hi silage kumbe hay.
Nhova yinga hlamusela nguva yobyala, xikombiso, ku byariwa ka madyelo hi ximun’wani xikan’we nale masunguleni ya ximumu swinga hunguta kukula hi xixika.
Tindlela To Byala
Mbewu ya madyelo ya haxiwa hi xitalo kambe kubyariwa eka mintila swa tsakeriwa. Eka nkarhi lowu, muchini wo haxa mbewu wunga tirhisiwa ku byala eka mintila, xikombiso laha madyelo ya fanele ku endliwa eka mintila leyi anameke exikarhi ka swibyariwa.
Swina nkoka kubyala mbewu eka vuenti bya kahle ku pfumelela kumila ka kahle.
Ku byala swinga endliwa hi voko kumbe hi muchini wo byala mbewu lowu tirhisiwaka hi mavoko. Muchini wo byala wheat lowu, meno/mikwana yinga susiwa nawona wunga tirhisiwa. Hi nldela leyi, mbewu yita wela ehenhla ka misava naswona laha kunga entangiki. Ndlela yin’wana, xobyala mbewu xa kahle lexi tirhisiwaka eka vuhumelerisi bya matsavu xinga tirhisiwa. Mbewu yinga tlhela yikatsiwa na phosphate na lime kutani yibyariwa hi lime spreader.
Direct drilling nayona yinga tirhisiwa. Xikombiso, swakoteka ku katsa ryegrass na clover eka madyelo lawa yanga tala ti legumes hi direct-drilling kumbe ku byala lomu kunga ndlaleriwa swibyariwa swa nkarhi lowu hundzeke. Leswi swi endliwa ku tlhumisa madyelo kumbe ku engetela byasi eka madyelo lawa yanga tala ti legumes. Maendlelo lawa ayanga tirhi eka cock’s foot, fescue kumbe lucerne.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni