Tinyosi kanye Nemphova

©Marinda Louw
Research on canola shows that pollination by bees increases the number of pods per plant, seeds per pod and seed weight.
Tinyosi ‘tiyatiwa’ ngeluju lwato (kanye naletinye tintfo) letakhekako. Kepha kubekhona kukhula kwebumcoka bemisebenti yetinyosi leletfwa ngekumphova titjalo. Lizinga leluju lwetinyosi njengoba nje timphova tikala lelizinga njengebakhiciti beluju.
eNingizimu Afrika, letinye titjalo tetsembele etinyonini ngemphova kwentela kukhokha titselo. Loku kufaka ekhatsi emagungumence labovu lamakhulu, emagungumence laluhlata sasibhakabhaka kanye nemagungumence lamnyama, titjalo te oyili letifana nembali yelilanga, kanjalo ne almondz kanye nemantongomane emacadamia. Titselo letifana nemaplum, ema pear kanye nemahhabhula nako kudzinga kumphoviswa tinyosi kuze kuchakate kukhokhe titselo.

Bagcini Betinyosi Bacudzelene neBalimi Benhlanyelo

©Louise Brodie
In the Western Cape, the Cape bee (Apis mellifera Capensis) is used for pollination of fruit crops.
Lamalungiselelo phakatsi kwebagcinibetinyosi kanye nebalimi benhlanyelo labenta imisebenti yekumphova lohlukako kusuka kumnikati wendzawo kuya kumnikati wendzawo ngisho nalendlela loluhlobo lwenhlanyelo, kusho Dokotela Tlou Masehela we South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI).
Ngalokunongotelako kanye ne canola lapho khona kubabete kumphovisa kwenyosi lokudzingekako, kute kubhadalwa lokuchamuka kulomlimi/umfuyi lokuya kumgciniwetinyosi, kepha lomlimi/lomfuyi angafuna imali yesincephetelo lechamuka kulomgciniwetinyosi kufana neluju.
Ngendzaba yemphova-inhlanyelo lekhululekile lefana neyemahhabhula kanye nemaplum, lomlimi ubhadala lomgciniwetinyosi. Lapho kukhona kuhlangana kwenhlanyelo kanye netibhidvo tendalo, lomlimi kanye nalomgciniwetinyosi bobabili bangahle banikane lokutsite ngelushintjiso.
Kuletinye taletintfo, kungabakhona sivumelwano lesisemtsetfweni (umbhalo lotsite) noma kungabikhona lutfo, kepha kakhulu lapho kubhadalelwa imisebenti yekumphova leniketwako kukhona sivumelwano lesibhaliwe phakatsi kwemgciniwetinyosi kanye nalomlimi wenhlanyelo.

Kubita kweMsebenti weKumphova

Lolokuhlale kuncipha kuyaluka kwetinyosi eNingizimu Afrika kukala lokukhicitwa kweluju kube lishumi kuya eshumini nakubili kwema kg kumhlambi ngamunye ngemnyaka. Loku ngukona kuphansi nawucudzanisa nase USA (ema kg lamashumi lamatsatfu ngemnyaka) bese eAustralia (ngemashumi lasihlanu ema kg ngemnyaka). Ngekungeta, linani leluju eNingizimu Afrika liphansi kantsi futsi lifakelwa umfutfo kusuka kutintfo letichamuka kulamanye emave tibitwe nga R50/kg (nga 2017). Phindze, lawa emanani nawubuka aphansi nalawo ase USA (R75/kg) bese eAustralia ngu (R80/kg).
Kukhicita lokuphansi kanye nekubita kweluju kukhulisa bumcoka/kubaluleka kwemphova lese ibhadalelwe umsebenti wayo kwentela bagcinibetinyosi eNingizimu Afrika kwentela kugcina kuhamba kwako.
Lucwalingo lolohanjiswa ngu Mike Allsopp we Agricultural Research Council (ARC) – Ikhansela Yelucwalingo lweteKulima/Kufuya na Dokotela Masehela nga 2017, kuchaza kutsi lelinani lwemsebenti wemphova ufutfwa kufunwa kanye nebukhona kantsi futsi akwenteki sonkhe sikhatsi emkhatsini wenhlanyelo kanye nesikhatsi.
eAmerica ekungeneni kwentfwasahlobo titjalo letichakatako kufna nemagungumene laluhlata sasibhakabhaka kanye nema almonds ayacedzela ngemisebenti yekumphova, kukhulisa kubita kwemphova. Lucwalingo lwabo lukhomba kutsi kuminyaka lembadlwana lokubita kwekumphova ialmond kutokhula kusuka ku $35 kuya ku $180 ngemhlambi munye. Inhlanyelo lechakata ekupheleni kwesikhatsi (kufana ne mahhabhula) angaba nemhlambi lomningi lokhona nelinani leliphansi lekubita kwekumphova.

Kubita kweKumphova

©Forest and Kim Starr
Macadamia nut flowers produce both nectar and pollen.
eNingizimu Afrika, kukhona kubita lokushiwo. Lokukubhadala yindlela lekhombako kepha ayitsatfwa bagcinibetinyosi bonkhe, kushiyana ngenhlanyelo. Lenye inhlanyelo yenta tinkinga letiningi etinyosini kufana nemagungumence, ematsanga, imacadamia kanye nema litchis ngako labanye bagcinibetinyosi bangabita kakhulu ngendzaba yemsebenti wekumphova kwalenhlanyelo.
Kubita kwekumphova kubalwa ngendlela lehlangahlangene lehambisana nekugcinatinyosi kufakwe kubita lokufana nekwekuhamba, shukela (kudla) kanye nekusebenta.
Lokubita lokutsatfwako nga 2018 kwakungu R802 kundzawo yinye yekumphova. Indzawo yekumphova libhokisi linye lekugcinatinyosi lekungaba ngemalanga lamashumi lamabili nakunye. Loku kuphindze kubitwe ligagasi lekumphova. Ngemuva kwalesisikhatsi, lomgciniwetinyosi angabita llinani lelifanako noma atsatse lokubita ngemuva kwekukhulumisana nalomfuyi.

Translated by Phindile Malotana