Indlela Eyakupholeni eya e-Robben Island

Amagandango Wokuthoma aya Etjhaphulukweni

©Eric Miller
Ngonyaka ka-1986 imithetho embalwa karhulumende webandlululo yaqedwa, Imithetho efana neyokutjhada kwenhlanga ezingafaniko, naloyo ogade uhloywe khulu umthetho wamapasi. Ekugcineni, ngonyaka ka-1990, ngokurara nokuthaba kwabantu, iinhlangano eziphikisako ezifana ne-ANC kanye ne-PAC zavulwa umlomo uMandela watjhatjhululwa ejele.
Unyaka kusukela ka-1990 kuze kuyokufika unyaka wokuthoma wamakhetho wedemokhrasi ngonyaka ka-1994 enza umlando. Kwakusele kuzinnyanga kukhulusinywana begodu ihlangano ephikisanako yamabhuru yayilinga ukwenza itjharagano. Ekugcineni ngemva kwakho koke, umbuso wegandelelo wabeka phasi ngaphandle kokukatelelwa. Nekwaba yisenzo esinjalo pheze sokuthoma ephasini. Kwathoma ipilo etja eSewula Africa.
Ngonyaka ka-1988, lokha uMandela ifduselwa emzini osemaqabazini wejele le-Victor Verster. Ngeskhathesi, amatafula gade sele atjhugulukile uMandela atjhatjhululwa. Wabhala godu, wakatelela bona kukhitjhwe laba agade asebenza nabo mantanzi, azi bona urhulumende wegandelele angabhala ukukhipha abanye ngemva kokobana yena sele bamkhiphile njengomdosi phambili wehlangano ye-ANC. Nambala ngamunye, ngamunye abadosi phambili bepolotiki bakhitjhwa ngaphandle kokutlhoriswa nokuyeleliswa. Ekugcineni ngezi 2 zakaMhlolanja ngonyaka ka-1990, iphasi labukela lokha uMadiba kanye noWinnie bakhamba babambene badlula esangweni le-Victor Verster baya emkhanyweni.
Okwalandela isenzo leso, iimbotjhwa zepolotiki egade ziseleko eRobben Island zasala zirarekile bezithabile. Amahlebezi akhamba ijele loke begodu urhulumende ngelunya wayiphika indaba le, ngokobana angazwakali bona uthini. Nanyana kunjalo kancani kancani, boke bagcina babatjhaphululile, nanyana babakhipha, bangakaqoqisani nabo nanyana babatjengise isekelo lokuba buyisela emiphakathini yabo.

Ukukhitjhwa Kwembotjhwa Zepolotiki

©Tracey Derrick
Indlela ababakhipha ngayo isakhunjulwa ngobuhlungu. Akhange baphiwa ngitjho nomthobahliziyo ngesikhathi ebasihlala ejele, begodu gade banamathuba amancani wokobana bangaqhatjhwa basebenze. Abanengi babo bazinikela amarhugwini, kanye nendakamizweni.
Ngitjho nanamhlanje ayikho indlela eyatlanywako yokurhelebha labo abaluphalela emajele webandlululo lokha abaphulimthetho behlelo le-Nationalist basaragela phambili ngokuhlala ngokuzigedla, lokha abalweli bekululeko basele banganalitho.

Ngonyaka ka-1991, zoke iimbotjhwa zepolotiki zabe sele zikhitjhiwe eRobben Island. Umakhiwo waragela phambili wasetjenziswa njengejele lenlelesi kwaze kwaba ngonyaka ka-1996, lokha ekugcineni bathatha isiphetho sokobana bayivale indawo leyo, bafudusele iimbotjhwa azazivalelwe khona emajele lapha kuhlala khona abantu.
Kwasala kungaziwa bona kuzokwenziwani ngeRobben Island.

Ukubaluleka KweRobben Island

©Roger de la Harpe
Ukubaluleka kweRobben Island kulitshwayo lomtlhago nokuthumba/ukunqoba phezu kokungaphathwa ngendlela kwabantu.Isiqunto sathathwa sokobana kutjhugululwe i-island yoke yenziwe i-museam/indawo yomqaliso ezokufundisa abantu ngobumbi bekukhethululwa ngokwebala, namandla wokubambelela. Indawo emqaliso le yavulwa ngokomthetho ngezi-1 zakaTjhirhweni ngonyaka ka-1997.
Ngonyaka ka-1999 isenzo lesi sangena emphakathini weenarha zangaphandle yabizwa bona yi- the World Heritage List nekuyindawo yamagugu ebalulekileko.
Namhlanjesi, amakhulu wabantu bavakatjhela ijele lakadeli veke neveke ukwenzela bona bazibonele ngokwabo ikarisomraro yendaba ye-Roben Island. Akusilikhambo elitjengisa umlando omnandi, kodwana ngelinye okufanele silithathe ukwenzela bona iimfundo ezibuhlungu zeminyaka eyadlulako eyi-500 ungalitjalwa. Ngokobana sizikhumbuze, umlando we-Robben Island, kanye singakhandela bona umlando lo uziphinde.

Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana