Ezinkozo zibomvu ziphakishwe ngoku sondelelana (arils) kunye namacwecwe zohlulwe kokumhlophe okungatyiwayo. I-arils inembewu etsolo engqongwe yimpuphu nencindi etyiwayo, enikeza casa eswiti ye acid, isiselo esibomvu.
I-Pomegranate zikhula ehlotyeni kwimi mandla apho isimo sezulu sitshisa khona kodwa ke kufuneka zikhuselwe zingatshi lilanga. Ikhupha iintyatyambo ezizichumisa ngokwazo zidubule kathathu phakathi kwenyanga ka September kunye no November. Oku kuthetha okokuba isiqhamo siyavuthwa exesheni kwaye zivunwa kumatyeli amathathu.
Imveliso yentengiso yepomegranates kufuneka iqale emveni kweminyaka emithathu kwaye ingavelisa ngesiqhelo ama 30 tons per hectare kwimithi emidala (eneminyaka emithandathu nangaphezulu), kodwa ukuya kwi toni ezingama 42 per hectare esele zivuniwe. Iziqhamo ziyapholiswa zilungiswe emveni kokuvunwa kwaye zithengiswa njengeziqhamo okanye zimfaxangwe kwenziwe incindi yesiselo, i-arils kunye ne oli (esetyenziswa kweli) okanye ekhutshwa njenge ziqhamo ezisandula ukukhiwa.
Imithi ye pomegranate iyakhula ivelise iziqhamo amashumi weminyaka, yiyo lonto kubalulekile okokuba zityalwe, amafama amatsha we pomegranate akhethe isilimo esisuka kwezona ndawo zibalaseleyo ezithengisa izityalo, thabatha iisampula zemihlaba, hlola umgangatho wamanzi, lungisa umhlaba ukuze iingcambu zikwazi ukufikelelela ezantsi kakhulu uze emveni koko ufake izinkcenkcesheli, uyacebisa uJorrie Mulder, umcebisi osebenzayo we Pomegranate Producers Association (POMASA).
Owona Mhlaba Ulungele I-Pomegranates
Ukulungisa indawo yokutyala iipomegranate kubalulekile. Ulawulo oluluqilima lomhlaba phambi kokutyala kuzakunceda nokukhula kunye nobude bengcambu. Ubunzulu bengcambu yesityalo buchaza inani nomgangatho wengcambu kananjalo nokukhula nemveliso yaloo mthi, umzekelo, ubunzulu bengcambu buzakuchaphazela unkcenkceshelo - yomibini imibuzo ethi (nini, kangaphi) kunye nobungakanani (amanzi amangakanani ngexesha).I-Pomegranate ingakhula ngempumelelo kwintlobo zemihlaba ezohlukileyo kodwa yona ithanda imihlaba ene pH ngu 5-7,5. Qala ngokulungisa umhlaba iinyanga ezine ukuya kwezintlanu phambi kokutyala, efana nokulungisa i-pH yomhlaba noko ibengu 5 kunye ne nelitye elineminerali nokongeza iphosphorus xa uvavanyo lomhlaba lubonakalisa okokuba iyasilela. Xa kukho isidingo, yehlisa ipH ngokuthi wongeze isulphur. I-Gypsum (iminerali ene calcium sulphate) ingongezwa ukwehlisa amazinga we sodium (Na) emhlabeni.
Kubalulekile okokuba umhlaba uhlolwe. Ukulinganisa iikhemikhali nokongeza iiminerali kufuneka kwenziwe emveni kokufundisisa iziphumo zovavanyo lomhlaba. Ngokufanayo, amafama amatsha angafuna ukongeza izichumisi emhlabeni ngokuthi bongeze umgquba xa betyala, xa iziphumo zivuma okokuba bayongezwe. Musa ukukhulisa ipomegranate kumhlaba onga funxi kakuhle onomdongo omninzi kuba oku kungenza ukubona kweengcambu.
Kwimihlaba emxinwa, ubuninzi bomhlaba ngokomthi ubamncinci kwaye lomthi uzakuba lixhoba lembalela kunye noku ngondleki.
Imihlaba edibeneyo iyayivalela ingcambu okokuba igqobhozele ngokunjalo ne oxygen, ukugqoboza kwamanzi kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi emhlabeni. Lungisa imiqolo yemithi kunye nemiqolo yokutyala ukuze ilanga livele kakuhle nomhlaba ukwazi ukukhama amanzi. Xa isityalo sakho sijongise ngasemantla-mazantsi wenduli ukuthintela ukutshiswa lilanga kwaye musa ukutyala kwindawo ezithandwa likhephu ezifana nendawo ezisemazantsi ezinkulu.
Ukutyala I-Pomegranate
Xa igadi igcwele kakhulu, imveliso isezantsi, iziqhamo ziphuma kuphela phezulu emithini, ukuphuma imibala kwisityalo akupucukanga kwaye ukungena kwesifafazi kungasebenzi. Xa umhlaba ulungiswe kakuhle, (umzekelo kususwe ukhula), umhlaba kufuneka ungadibani kwaye ukulungele ukuba kutyalwe. Ukongeza, imigca yokunkcenkceshela izakube sele yenziwe.
Amafama amatsha we pomegranate ayacetyiswa okokuba athenge izityalo ezintsha (izithole okanye imithi ekwi begi). Kwaye bathenge kwindawo ezithengisayo ezithembakeleyo.
Izithole zityalwa ekupheleni kobusika, okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kodwa imithi ekwi plastiki okanye begi izakukhula ngcono za ityalwe ngentwasahlobo okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Emveni kokutyala, yongeza umgquba ukuze kungaphumi ukhula kwaye ncenceshela ngoku khawuleza ukuze umhlaba udibane nengcambu zingomi.
Kuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zokuhlolwa komhlaba, ama 100 kg/ha nitrogen (N) uyanikezwa rhoqo ngonyaka. (lo ke ngumlinganiselo kwaye kufuneka ulinganiselwe ngokwe ziphumo zokuhlolwa komhlaba). Ukuhlolwa kwamagqabi kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo ngonyaka. Oku kuzakuchaza xa iiminerali zingonelanga kwisityalo. Oku kungalungiswa ngokuthi kunkcenkceshelwe kumagqabi.
Ukunkcenkceshela kumagqabi ke sisi sombululo sexeshana. Eyona ndlela ingcono engenziwa ixesha elide kunyangwa ukunqongophala kwe nutrients kwizityalo kukutyebisa umhlaba, uyachaza uJorrie. Ukuncenceshela ngaphezulu kumagqabi kuquka ifoliar zinc (Zn) emveni kokuphuma kweziqhamo, iboron (B) xa kuphuma amahlahla kunye ne liquid kelp.
Kunganyanzeleka okokuba kwehliswe initrogen:phosphorus xa sele iziqhamo zivuthwa, ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kakuhle nokuvela kombala, kuphume neswekile kwingcambu.
Fumana ingcebiso kulowo unguchwephesha kwesona sichumisi silungileyo kwi pomegranates.
Ukunkcenkceshela I-Pomegranate
Kubalulekile ukuvavanywa komgangatho wamanzi, kwaye imigca yokuncenceshela ifakwe phambi kokutyala. Nangona ipomegranate ikhetha indawo ezomileyo kwaye ezishushu, umthi kufuneka unkcenkceshelwe kwimveliso yeziqhamo ezizakuthengiswa. Imithi ingakhula ngaphandle kwamanzi kodwa izakuba phantsi koxinzelelo ze ingakwazi ukuvelisa iziqhamo ezininzi ezikudidi oluphezulu.Uvavanyo lwendlela yokuncenceshelwa lwenziwa yi Agricultural Research Council (ARC) lwagqitywa ngonyaka ka 2018 kwaye iziphumo ezikhutshiweyo zichaze okokuba unkcenkeshela kancinci kungazisa iziphumo ezingcono kunokunkcenkceshela nge driphu. Ukuncenceshela phezulu akucetyiswa kwi ntyantyambo ze pomegranate kuba azidibani nokufuma. Umthetho nje onokulandelwa ngokwe mfuneko zamanzi kwi pomegranate ngama 7 500 m3/ha ngexesha. Oku kulingana nama 750 mm wemvula.
Iimfuneko Zezichumisi kwi Pomegranate
Umehluko owenziwa zizichumisi kwi pomegranates mncinci kuna xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ezifama nesimo sezulu, uncenceshelo kunye nezityalo. Kodwa ke, ipomegranate ivelisa okuninzi okomhlaba kwaye idinga inutrients ezithile ukuzivuselela kwaye iqhubeke nemveliso.I-Phosphorus kunye ne Potassium kudingeka okokuba umhlaba okanye igqabi lihlolwe kuchaza okungaphelelanga. Enye yezinto eziqhelekileyo ezifunekayo kwi pomegranate yi zinc (Zn), kuba yaziwa njengokuba amagqabi abe tyheli. Ukunkcenkceshela iZn emveni kokuphuma kweziqhamo kuyacetyiswa. Fumana ingcebisa yalowo unguchwephesha ukuze ukwazi ukuchumisa ngesichumisi esifanelekileyo.
Translated by Zikhona Plaatjie