Xana i Yini Pearl Millet (Mhungu)

Nhlamuselo na Ntumbuluko

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Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) i byasi byo leha lebyi kondzelelaka swinene dyandza lebyi kulaka kuringana 3 m hi kuleha lebyingana matluka onge ya tsema, byina timintsu letinga enta swinene kutani byiva na mbewu kumekaka e nhlokweni onge i bulrush. Timintsu takona to enta hitona leti endlaka leswaku ximilani lexi xikota kukondzelela dyandza naku tiya hikuva tikota ku fikelela mati lawa yangale hansi swinene. Pearl millet yihumesa tindzoho (mbewu) leyi dyiwaka hi vanhu kasi ximilani xakona xitirhisiwa tani hi swakudya swa swifuwo.
Xitshembiwa kuva xitumbuluke e ka tindzhawu tale vupela dyambu bya mananga ya Sahara e Afrika kwalomu ka 4 000 wa malembe lawa ya hundzeke. Yi tlhela yitiviwa tani hi bulrush millet, manna (Afrikaans), leotsa (Sepedi), nyalothi (in Sesotho), inyouti (isiNdebele), mhuga, mhungu (Shangaan) kumbe unyaluthi, unyawoti and unyawothi (isiZulu).
Pearl millet i xibyariwa xavunharhu hi nkoka ematikweni ya SADC (Southern African Development Community) kuya hiku humelerisiwa tani hi swakudya swa nimixo laha xingana, 0.9 million ha, laha Namibia na Tanzania tani hi matiko yangana 27%. Vahumelerisi lavakulu emisaveni va pearl millet i tiko ra India ringana kwalomu ka 11 million tonnes leti humelerisiwaka hi lembe (2014).
Yi tala ku byariwa eka ndzawu leyinga ripala emakaya yale Dzongeni wa Afrika laha ku hisaka ku tlhela ku oma na timpfula letinga talangiki.

Switirhisiwa swa Pearl Millet

Kuhunguteka ka kubyariwa ka pearl millet, hikuva ku tsakeriwa mavele, swivangiwa hi swilo swohambana hambana: vulavisisi byikomba leswaku mavele ya humeleriseka hiku olova kutlula pearl millet naswona kugayeka hiku olova swiendle leswaku mavele yava wona lawa ya tirhisiwaka hi xitalo. Leswi swiendle leswaku mavele ya byariwa eka tindzhawu letingariki kahle laha yanga humelerisiki mbuyelo wovonaka. Leswi swivula leswaku, mbuyelo wa pearl millet wukahle swinene eka tindzhawu leti hisaka ngopfu naswona tinga oma swinene laha swiseketelaka swinene mbuyelo wakahle wa mavele (kumbe sorghum).
Kuna kuhleketeleriwa leswaku pearl millet i swakudya swa swifuwo ngopfu, aswi lulamelanga kudyiwa hi munhu handle ko dlayisa ndlala. Leswi swihoxekile swinene. Pearl millet i swakudya leswi tirhisiwaka hitindlela totala swinene leswingana kwalomu ka 9% wati protein, nhlayo yati amino acids na mafurha yotala kutlula mavele.
Switlhela swigayeleka hiku olova kutlula sorghum hikuva a swina tannins, na nantswo wodzungela nyana swiri swa muhlovo wa buraweni. Pearl millet yitirhisiwa yiri tindzoho kufana na rhayisi, yi fayeleriwile kumbe yikandziwile eka rotis, eka swakudya leswivirisiweke, mukapu, couscous, swotimula tola nati snacks.
Pearl millet yi humesa mbewu leyinga gluten-free, yile henhla hi energy kambe yiva hansi hi glycemic index (low GI). Yina nhlayo yale henhla ya mafurha, ti protein, iron, zinc na phosphorus (P) - P yina nkoka eka kukurisa marhambu. Tindzoho ta kona tidyiwa loko tiswekiwile, titirhisiwa eku vandzekeleni ka byalwa kumbe tikandziwa tiva mapa. Tani hi swakudya swa swifuwo, pearl millet yibyaleriwa ku humelerisa silage, hay kumbe swifuwo swiyidya yitetano yahari rihlaza.
Tani hi swakudya swa swifuwo, tindzoho tinga phameriwa tihuku, ximilani xa rihlaza xidyiwa hi swifuwo kumbe kutirhisiwa kuhumelerisa silage na hay. Swimilani loko swiomile swinga tirhisiwa ku luka switheve, kufulela tani hi byasi kumbe kutirhisiwa ku buyela ndzhawu.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni