Kulima kudla kwendalo nguyona ndlela yekusebentisa tindlela letikahle tendzawo kwentela kuphucula kuphila kwemhlabatsi, kwentela kuvikela lendzawo futsi nekuciniseka ngekuphila kwebantfu. Balimi basebentisa sintfu kanye nendlela yesimanje phindze bahlanganise ngelucwalingo kwentela kuciniseka kutsi kuyalingana ngesimo sendalo.
kulima ngaphandle kwemakhemikhali kusho kutsi kusebentisa tindlela temvelo kanye naletilungelekanye netintfo. Kute emakhemikhali amanyolo kanye nekhemikhali ekubulala tilwane noma emakhemikhali labulala titjalo akavumeleki. Kuhlanyela nendalo kukalwe ngekucala indzawo lephilile, kudla lokuyimphilo kanye nebatsengi labaphilile. Umangabe lendzawo lapho khona kudla kwekulinywa kukhula kuyimphilo, lokudla kutobanemphilo kantsi nebatsengi nabo batophila futsi batoba nendlela yekuvikeleka lencono.
Kulima ngaphandle kwemakhemikhali kuhluka ngekufundza kwemphilo yetilwane netitjalo kanye nekulandzela tindlela tekulima ngesintfu noma ngendlela lejwayelekile. Kulima ngekwemphilo kuyindlela lelula futsi, kumakukhonakala, kusebentisa manyolo wendalo lote emakhemikhali, kepha bakhiciti bavama kungeta initrogen (N) kulomhlabatsi kwentela kuphucula kuphila. Lomanyolo ngalesinye sikhatsi wenteke ngemakhemikhali emvelo. Kulima ngendlela yesintfu kungesikhatsi tindlela tekulima letisetjentiswako letikale ekutfoleni umkhicito lophakeme. Umangabe incumbi yemakhemikhali labulala titjalo, emakhemikhali labulala tilwane kanye namanyolo kufakiwe futsi kakhulu yinye inhlobo yenhlanyelo lelinyakwo, kubitwa ngekulima ngekulandzela indlela yesintfo noma lejwayelekile.
Indlela Yekucala Linani Letinhlobo Letehlukene
Ngekulima ngendlela lete emakhemikhali, tinhlanyelo letehlukene tilinywa kanye kwentela kucala linani letinlobo letehlukene letinkhulu (imphilo=lehlukene, tinhlobo=letehlukene). Lomkhiciti wetintfo letite emakhemikhali kumele abe netintfo letiningi letehlukene ngekushesha ensimini/engadzeni yakhe - tilwanyana letiningi letehlukahlukene, tinyoni, tilwane letidla letinye letincane kanye netilwane letitalal bantfwana labaphilako kanye netinhlobonhlobo letinkhulu tetitjalo. Umangabe lena ndlela - lebitwa ngendlela leyakhiwe ngemmango wetintfo tonkhe temvelo - akulingani futsi kugcwele lokuningi kwenhlobo yinye yesilwane lesingaba yincumbi yetilwane letingena tifike tibange umonakalo. Kufana nekutsi, uma tahhukulu tisuswa epulazini, emagundvwane angaba tilwane letingena tifike tente umonakalo njengoba kute tilwane tendalo letitingela letinye letingatiphatsa.Tindlela letikhonjwako tekulima kudla kwemvelo letilungiswako tingafaka kuguculwa kwenhlanyelo (hhayi kuhlanyela inhlanyelo yinye njalo ngemnyaka emhlabatsini munye), kulinywa kwetitjalo letitsite kanye netimbali letikhanga kufundza ngemphilo yetilwane netitjalo (tilwanyana letidla umuhlwa) kanye nekusetjentiswa kwemakhemikhali endali labulala tilwane kwentela kulwa nemagciwane kanye nemuhlwa.
Indela Yekucala Kulima Kudla Lokute Emkhemikhali
Umkhiciti lofuna kukhicita kudla lokute emakhemikhali kumele abenelwati ngalolokulandzelako:Yini legadziwe kumlimi wekudla lokute emakhemikhali.
Ngukuphi kudla lokuvunywako noma lokuvulelwako ekulimeni lokute emakhemikhali.
Ngutiphi tindlela tekulima letisetjentiswako ekulimeni kudla lokute emakhemikhali nekutsi leni.
Kutsi kungenelwa njani/kuba ngumkhiciti wekudla lokute emakhemikhali.
Kanjani /nekutsi ukukhombisa kuphi kudla lokute emakhemikhali.
Lomlimi wekudla lokute emakhemikhali kumele acale ahlanganise incwadzi lensha yemtsetfo yetintfo letite emakhemikhali yase Ningizimu Afrika bese uyakhetsa kutsi anconywe kuba ngumkhiciti wekudla lokute emakhemikhali noma abengumlini nje. Kunconywa kungenteka nge Afrisco, ibhodi yase Ningizimu Afrika lengaphansi kwe sigaba IFOAM (International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements) Imali itobhadalwa kantsi nemhloli utohlala ahlola njalo ngemnyaka. Bakhiciti labanconyiwe babese batfola inombolo yekubhalisa kubhodi lencomako futsi bangatsengisa kudla kwabo ngaphansi kwesitfombe salebhodi sekusebenta. Ngendlela, bavikelekile ngaphansi kwemtsetfo futsi babhlaliswe njengebakhiciti bekudla lokute emakhemikhali. Umkhiciti akudzingi kutsi afungise kulima kwakhe konkhe futsi akudzingi kutsi afungise tinhlanyelo takhe tonkhe, kepha kufuna kube nemehluko lobonakalako emkhatsini wenhlanyelo lefungisiwe lete ikhemikhali kanye nenhlanyelo leyentiwe ngekulandzela tindlela tesintfu.
Kukhona sikhatsi sengucuko ekucaleni kwekulima kudla lokute emakhemikhali. Ngulesikhatsi lekusitsatsako kutsi kugucuke kusuka ekuhlanyeleni ngendlela yesintfu kuya ekuhlanyeleni ngaphandle kwemakhemikhali futsi kutsatfwa ngendlela yemigomo yemvelo. Lesikhatsi sengucuko siminyaka lemibil kutinhlanyelo temnyaka kufana netibhidvo futsi neminyaka lemitsatfu wetinhlanyelo letifana ne tihlahla tetitselo kanye netindzawo temivini.
Translated by Phindile Malotana