Ukufuya Izinhlanzi eNingizimu Afrika

Ukudoba ngokweqile kanye nokungcola kolwandle kunemifucumfucu yemvelo yemvelo ephazamisekile eNingizimu Afrika. Umphumela wukuthi esikhathini esizayo eziningi zezinhlanzi zethu ezidingekayo zizohlangana nezindawo zokudoba ezentengiselwano (aquaculture). Ngokusho koMnyango weZolimo, namaHlathi (i-DAFF), imifula eNingizimu Afrika (noma ukulima inhlanzi) ihlukaniswe ngamapulazi okuhlanza amanzi asemanzini kanye nolwandle (amanzi olwandle).
Imikhiqizo yasemaphandleni yasendaweni ihlelwe kahle ngokusebenzisa izinhlangano ezimele abakhiqizi kanye neqembu elihamba phambili lezimpahla ze-Aquaculture SA.

IziNhlelo Zokufuya Inhlanzi eNingizimu Afrika

©Henk Stander

I-DAFF yabhalwa ngamapulazi angu-189 ngonyaka ka-2015 kokubili emanzini namanzi ahlanzekile. Amapulazi amanengi amanengi asebenzisa ama-recirculation systems, amachibi womhlaba namtjhana umjaho wokulima. Emkhakheni wezinhlanzi zasolwandle (isib. Ama-husters, ama-mussels) ahlwanyelwe emigqumeni noma emigqeni ende, kanti i-abalone ihlwanyelwa ngamathangi ngepompoloji elwandle.

Ukuqala Kokufuya izinhlanzi eNingizimu Afrika

Umkhakha wethrawuthi usuqalile ukuphayona ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlanzi eNingizimu Afrika. Nakuba i-trout yatholwa eNingizimu Afrika ngezinhloso zokudoba ezemidlalo ngawo-1890, ukukhiqiza kwezebhizinisi kwaqala kuphela ngawo-1960. UJohn L. Scott wakha isakhiwo sokuqala se-trout-hatchery e-Jonkershoek Valley ngaphandle kweStellenbosch ngo-1894. Isakhiwo samatshe sisekhona nanamuhla futhi yisikhumbuzo sesizwe.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-trout kuye kwaqina, kwanda kusuka ku-1 000 ukuya ku-1 500 ithoni ngonyaka.
Ukukhula kwamanzi eNingizimu Afrika kuye kwaba nokwanda okusheshayo kusukela ngo-2012. Ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kwamathani angu-9 927 kubhalwe ngo-2012, amathani angu-4 802 ngo-2013 futhi cishe amathani ayi-210 210 ngonyaka ka-2014. Ukukhiqizwa okuphelele ngo-2015 kwakungu-5418 amathani, okumele ukwanda kwe-4% kusukela ngo-2014.
Ukuthumela idatha kusuka ku-DAFF kubonisa ukuthi imboni yaseNingizimu Afrika ilawulwa yizilwane zasolwandle. Lokhu ikakhulukazi i-abalone (i-Haliotis midae) ethunyelwe kusuka esifundazweni saseWestern Cape, okubalwa okungaphezu kwama-80% kuwo wonke amazwe aseNingizimu Afrika. I-Abalone ne-dusky kob (i-Argyrosomus japonicas) e-Eastern Cape yenza i-12.75% yokuthengiswa kwezilwandle ezivela eNingizimu Afrika.

Amapulazi Ezinhlanzi kanye Nezilwane

©Marinda Louw

Ukulima inhlanzi yamanzi ahlanzekile kuncishiswe kakhulu ngokunikezwa kwamanzi afanelekayo: kokubili ikhwalithi kanye nobungako obufanele. Izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izinhlanzi zamanzi ezinhlanzi eNingizimu Afrika yiWestern Cape, e-Eastern Cape, eLimpopo naseKwaZulu-Natali.
Izilwane zasemanzini okwamanje ezikhuliswe eNingizimu Afrika zibandakanya umfula we-rainbow, i-trout brown, i-crocodiles, inhlanzi ye-ornamental, i-sharptooth yase-Afrika, i-Mozambique kanye ne-tilapia, i-marray crayfish kanye ne-carp ejwayelekile. Kulezi zindawo, i-trout raint, i-African catfish ne-Mozambique tilapia yizinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko. Izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokulima, kusuka emakhemeni enetha emadamu amakhulu ezindaweni eziphakeme zokuvuselela ngaphakathi, zisetshenziswa.

Yini Edingekayo Ukuba Umfuyi Wezinhlanzi?

©Henk Stander

I-Aquaculture ibuye ibe yimali emikhulu namakhono amaningi, ngakho-ke, bekungeke kube ukuhlakanipha ukutshalwa kwezimali ngaphansi kwezimali futhi kamuva uthole ukuthi unenzuzo enganele, ulwazi namakhono ukuze ube nenzuzo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imifula yinto yokulima, okubandakanya izinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kuzodinga ukunakekelwa komlimi wezinhlanzi 24/7. Ingabe unesimo esidingekayo sokusebenza amahora anjalo noma uqondise abasebenzi abasebenza la mahora?
Abalimi bezinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi abaqhubi abancane, bavame ukuba wonke umuntu nento yonke ebhizinisini labo, kusukela kumshayeli oletha inhlanzi nokuqoqa ukudla, ochwepheshe bepompo, ochwepheshe bezinhlanzi zezinhlanzi, ochwepheshe bezemithombo yezinhlanzi kanye nomqondisi wezezimali.
Ikhono lokwakha iqembu labantu abanamakhono ahlukahlukene, ahlangene ngenye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zokukhulisa ibhizinisi lokudoba. Khona-ke wonke umuntu uzokwazi ukugxila endaweni yabo yobuchwepheshe.

Kuyini ama-Aquaponics?

©Marinda Louw

I-Aquaponics njengeteknoloji yisistimu esebenzisa indlela ejulile ihlanganisa ukubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni kanye ne-hydroponics. E-hydroponics, izitshalo zikhula ngokudliwa ngamanzi acebile okondla. Umqondo we-aquaponics wukuthi izitshalo zisebenzisa imfucuza yezinhlanzi kusuka ohlelweni lwamanzi njengezakhi zokukhula kwezitshalo. Amanzi ahlanzekile abuyiselwa enhlanzi. Lolu buchwepheshe lungashintsha kalula usayizi ukuze luvumelane nabalimi abancane, amaphrojekthi omphakathi kanye namabhizinisi ezentengiselwano.

Ukutholakala Kwemakethe Yezinhlanzi?

Imakethe yemikhiqizo ye-aquaculture iyanda emhlabeni wonke njengoba abantu bekhula. Abantu beba urbane olwedlulele futhi bezwa impilo, okusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi njengokudla kuyanda emhlabeni wonke.
INingizimu Afrika ngokujwayelekile ayiyona isizwe esidla izinhlanzi kodwa abathengi bayo sebeqaphela kakhulu ukwanda okukhulayo kwemikhiqizo yamanzi etholakala ezitolo. I-Tilapia iyaziwa kakhulu kanye ne-catfish sausage ne-burgers.
Ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo okuvela emanzini kungenza izinhlanzi nezilwane zasolwandle zingabizi kakhulu emphakathini futhi kunciphise ukucindezelwa kwezinhlanzi zemvelo.
I-Aquaculture ingadlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikelekeni kokudla kanye nokudla kokudla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kube nokudla okwanele okunempilo okuhambisana nemvelo futhi kwenziwe ngendlela eqhubekayo.

Indlela Yokukhulisa Ukufuywa Kwezinhlanzi eNingizimu Afrika?

Ukukhula kwemboni yaseNingizimu Afrika kukwazi ukufaka isandla kakhulu emisebenzini yezomnotho, ukunciphisa ubuphofu, ukunika amandla amandla, umsebenzi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kolwandle kanye nezinsizakalo zaseningizimu ukuze kuzuze imiphakathi yendawo.
Ukwandisa imboni yaseNingizimu Afrika yokudoba idinga imvelo evumelayo. Lokhu kusho imithetho, izinqubomgomo, izivumelwano zokuhweba kanye nengqalasizinda ukuhambisa imikhiqizo yezinhlanzi kusuka kumafama kuya ezimakethe. Umthetho ongcono, ukuxhaswa kwemisebenzi, ukuqeqeshwa, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokweluleka kwezinsizakalo kuzosiza abalimi bezilwandle ukuba baqale ngezinhlobo ezifanele ohlelweni lokulima olufanele, ngcono izinga lokulima, ukwandisa isivuno futhi kuzokwakha izimakethe zamanzi angaphansi kwamanzi aseNingizimu Afrika.

Translated by Nsika Khoza