Ukusabalalisa
Ukusakazwa kwekhabe kuvela enzalweni. Imbewu ingaqondiswa ngqo emhlabathini noma izithombo zingenziwa ezinhlameni zembewu bese zifakelwa kabusha uma izithombo sezikhulile.Indlela Yokutshala
Ukutshala imbewu yekhabe ujula 30 kuya ku-40 mm. Lokhu kwenziwa ngesandla noma ngomshini wokusebenza. Qinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi imanzi ngaphambi kokutshala futhi nisela ngokushesha emva kokutshala ukulungisa imbewu noma izithombo.Isikhala
Izitshalo kumele zihlukaniswe eceleni kwamasentimitha angama-50 kuya ku-75 emigqeni engamasentimitha angu-150 kuya ku-200.
Inani lezitshalo lihluka phakathi kwe-8 000 no-15 000 ehektheleni kuye ngohlobo, ubukhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okudingekayo kwesithelo.
Isiikhathi Sokuhlwanyela Nokutshala
Ukutshala kwembewu yekhabe kuvame ukuqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya kuDisemba eNingizimu Afrika.
Izitshalo zokuqala ziqala lapho isimo sezulu siqala ukufudumala futhi lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lingaphezu kuka-15°C. Uma izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lingaphansi kwalokhu ukuhluma okungalingani kuzokwenzeka ekukhuleni okungalingani futhi kwezinye izimo imbewu ayikwazi ukuhluma.
Ukusheshisa ukukhiqizwa kwezimakethe zakuqala, abanye abalimi bazokwenza izithombo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo phakathi kukaJulayi futhi balungele izimo ezifanele ukutshala izithombo. Lokhu kungabanika inzuzo yamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ngokungena emakethe phezu kwabalimi abafaka imbewu ngqo.
Isikhathi Sokukhula
Inkathi ekhulayo iphakathi kwamasonto angu-12 kuya kwangu-18 kuye ngohlobo lwesilimo kanye nezimo zezulu ngesikhathi sokukhula. Izinhlobo ezincane zishesha zivuthwe futhi ziyaziwa ngokubamba imakethe yasekuqaleni.Isivundiso
Izicelo zomanyolo kufanele zenziwe ngokuvumelana nezincomo ezinikezwe ngemiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi kanye nezidingo zesitshalo sakho. Isibonakaliso salokho okudingekayo ukuze ulime ikhabe sinikezwe lapha.
Uma ulima endaweni yesivuno esiluhlaza kanye nomquba cishe amasonto amahlanu ngaphambi kokutshala usakaze u-350 kg we-superphosphate ehektheleni bese ulima lokhu emhlabathini ophezulu ka-500 mm ngasikhathi sinye.
Esikhathini esingaphambi kwesitshalo, izinsuku ezincane ngaphambi kokutshala lapho kuqhutshwa umhlabathi wokugcina, hhala cishe u-800 kg we-2:3:4 (27) ingxube ehektheleni ngalinye ibe yihlabathi engama-20 cm. Ngemva kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwamane emva kokutshala, uma izitshalo sezihlezi futhi zikhula kahle, zifaka u-300 kuya ku-400 kg we-1:0:1 (36) ingxube ye-nitrogen (N) ne-Potassium (K) emgqeni wesitshalo bese unisela ngokushesha.
Emasontweni amathathu emva kwalokhu enye i-300 kuya ku-400 kg ye-1:0:1 (36) ingasetshenziswa ukusiza ngokuthuthukiswa kwezithelo nokuvuthwa. Nisela ngokushesha emva kwesicelo ngasinye somanyolo.
Ukunisela
Ngaphambi kokutshala uchele umhlabathi ngokuphelele emkhakheni wezinsimu futhi ugcine lokhu ukuze izithombo ezintsha zikwazi ukuthuthukisa izimpande zawo ngokushesha bese zisebenzisa izakhi ezisetshenziswe ngaphambi kokutshala. Hlola ukucindezeleka kwenhlabathi umswakama njalo ngesandla ngefosholo. Ukunisela ngamasonto onke kuphakathi kuka-30 no-35 mm.
Lokhu kuvame ukuhlukaniswa zibe izicelo ezimbili noma ezintathu ngesonto ngenkathi izitshalo zikhula. Njengoba izithelo zibeka futhi izimpande zithuthukiswa kakhulu imvamisa yokunisela ingancishiswa kanye kanye ngesonto emhlabathini owodwa.
Njengoba isivuno siseduze ukuchelela kumele kuncishiswe futhi ngesonto eledlule ngaphambi kokuvuna kungagcinwa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuba izinga lokushisa liphakeme kakhulu nomswakama ophansi.
Translated by Nsika Khoza