Ukudla naManzi Okuhlanzekile
Izinkukhu kumele zikwazi ukuthola ukudla namanzi ahlanzekile. Izitsha ezivulekile kumele zihlanzwe cishe kanye ngosuku ngoba kuyenzeka izinkukhu zinyathele kuzo noma zikhahleleke kuzo ebese zihlangana kanjalo namanzi asengcolisekile. Amanzi achithekele phansi nawo angamanzisa imfucuza yezinkukhu (umbhede wotshani bezinkukhu kanye nomanyolo wezinkukhu) okungaholela kwizifo nakwezinye izinkinga.
Iziphuzisa ezinezinsenga kulula ukuzihlanza futhi azinakho ukumosha okuningi kunezitsha ezivulelekile. Ezinye izitsha zokudlela nezokuphuzisa eseziphucuzekile ziyakwazi ukuzihlanza zona. Yize kunjalo, abakhiqizi kusafanele baziqikelele lezizindlela baphinde bangenelele uma kukhona inkinga evelayo.
Amanzi ukuthuthwa kwemfucuza kumele achithwe ngendlela efanele engezukubangela izifo nezinye izingcuphe.
Ukunakekela Iphansi
Ngisho izinkukhu ezivulelekile ziyadinga ukuba nompheme ohlanzekile nozovimbela ukuqokelana kwamagciwane. Abakhiqizi abanganayo indawo evulelekile kumele bakucabange ukukhonka iphansi ngosimende ngoba iphansi likasimende kulula ukulihlanza kunelomhlabathi.
Nomake, uma abakhiqizi bengakwazi ukuthola amadlelo nezingadi zemifino, izinkukhu zingafakwa kumahhoko angomahambanendlwana aziwa ngokuthi ama tractors. Ngalendlela yokukhiqiza izinkukhu zikwazi ukugcinwa ehhokweni endaweni eyodwa amasonto amabalwa, kuyengokuthi kufuywe kangakanani ngaphambi kokuba zisuswe ziyiswe kwenye indawo. I-tractor yezinkukhu kuyithatha eside isikhathi ukuba iphinde ibuyele kwindawo ebikade ikuyo kuqala, kantike yikho lokhu okusiza ukuvikela ukwakheka kwezithwalimagciwane.
Imibhede
Ziningi izindlela zokwenzela izikukhu imibhede ukuzivikela kwiphansi elibandayo, ukuzinqanda ukuba zingathintelani nendle nokuvikela izinyawo zazo zigcinwe zomile. Noma ngabe kukhethwe hlobolni lwempahla ukwakha lombhede kodwa wona kumele usheshe ukoma ngoba lapho kunobumanzi khona kuholela kwizilonda esifubeni senkukhu, amashashazi ezinyaweni nokonakala kwesikhumba. Umbhede nawo kumele uqikelelwe ukuvikela ukuqokelana kwe ammonia nezinye izithwali magciwane ezibangela izifo.
Kwizimboni ezinkulu kuyaye kuthithibezwe amazinga okushisa nawokubanda nokuphuma nokungena komoya ukuthi kusetshenziswe zona ukomisa nokuvikela ukuqokelana kwamazinga e ammonia okuyiyo ekhulisa izithwali magciwane ezidala ingcuphe. Imfucuza iyaphendulwa nsukuzonke, kube sengathi uphendula insimu ukuze kudibhizeke obesekuthanda ukuqina. Ngokubheka ukuthi iluphi uhlobo lombhede noma kubhekwe ukuthi izinkukhu ngezamaqanda noma zenyama ezikhiqizwayo, umbhede ohlanzekile kungenzeka ufakwe ehhokweni ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe izinkukhu ezintsha bese ukhishwa ulahlwe ngokufanele lapho izinkukhu sezikhishiwe.
Indlu Yezinkukhu
Izindlu zezinkukhu kumele zihlanzwe ngokuphelele ziphinde zifafazwe ngesibulali magciwane emva kokuba imfuyo seyiphumile futhi nangaphambi kokufaka kwentsha. Inhlangano Yamazwe Ngempilo Yezilwane iluleka abakhiqizi ukuthi kumele bafafaze ngezibulali magciwane bazizungeze yonke indawo ukuze bezoqeda zonke izithwali magciwane ezinjengezimpukane, ubutata, amazeze, izintwala, amakhizane, izimbungulu, amabhungezi kanye namakokoroshe lokhu bakwenze ngokuphuthuma emuva nje kokukhipha zonke izinkukhu kuleyondlu ngomba izinambuzane ziyakwazi ukucasha bese zizalana kakhulu uma sekushaya umoya kwindlu sekupholile nokwenza kubenzima kakhulu ukulwa nazo uziqede. Maningi amakhemikhali akhona ukulawula inhlanzeko. Ukuze asetshenziswe ngokuphepha kutholakale nemiphumela emihle, abakhiqizi kumele balandele yonke imiyalelo abayinikiwe yokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo.
Ukuqedwa kwamagundane nakho kumele kwenzeke maduze, ngokwabe OIE, ukudla kwezinkukhu konke kumele kukhishiwe ezitsheni zokudlela ukuze namagudwane ezodonseleka kwisibulalimagundane esisetshenzisiwe. Ngakho ukudla kwezinkukhu okudala nosekubolile kumele kukhishwe ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona ifungal kukho, nayo engadala ezinye izifo.
Imfucuza yezinkukhu igcwala kakhulu amagciwane amancane angabonakali kalula ngamehlo, ngakhoke kumele kuqikelelwe ukuze kuvikelwe ukuphephetheka kwezintuli namaqubu/izimpaphe ngesikhathi kuqoqwa yonke ifucuza. Imfucuza kumele ilahlwe ngendlela ezovikela ukubhebhetheka kwezifo futhi ibekwe kude nakwezinye izindlu zezinkukhu.
Funda kabanzi ngokulawulwa kokulahlwa kwemfucuza. Abakhiqizi kumele baqinisekise ukulandela imigudu yokuqikelela ezempilo kanye nezokuphepha uma behlanza izindlu zezinkukhu, isibonelo, bagqoke izingubo zesivikelo, izivikelazandla ezinde (gloves), amaboots erubber, izigqoko zakhona ezinkulu kanye nezimfonyo ukuvikela uthuli nolwelwesi lefungal kanye namakhemikhali anobungozi. Ukwenza kubelula ukuhlanza, kumele impahla engakwazi ukuqukuleka isuswe iyiswe kwindawo lapho izohlanzisiswa khona. Okusebenza ngamandla kagesi nakho kumele kucinywe ngesikhathi kuhlanzwa indlu.
Zintathu izinyathelo ezilandelwayo lapho kuhlanzisiwa indlu, kubalwa, ukuhlanza ngokomisa, ukuhlanza ngokumanzisa kanye nokufafaza ngezibulala magciwane. Ngesikhathi kuhlanzwa ngokomisa, umshayelo, ibhulashi, ifosholo, indwangu noma ngomfutho womoya ukuze kususwe uthuli, umhlabathi noma enye emfucuza egcwele yonke indawo kwindlu, kubalwa kumafeni, iphansi, uphahla ngaphakathi kanye nakumasitebhisi.
KHUMBULAKE KODWA, UKUTHI UKUHLANZA NGOKOMISA AKUMELE KWENZIWE KWIZINDLU EZITHELELEKE NGESIFO SE AIRBONE (IZIFO EZIBHEBHETHEKISWA NAWUMOYA) EZIFANA NOMKHUHLANE iAVIAN NOMA ISIFO iNEWCASTLE.
Ukulawula, ngokwabe OIE, kumele kuqaliswe kwizindawo eziphezulu kuqala bese kuyiwe kweziphansi ukuze kwehliswe izinga lokuthintelana kwezindawo ebese zihlanziwe kuqala. Umsebenzi wokukhanda obekwaphukile nawo kumele wenziwe ngaso lesikhathi sokuhlanza ukuze impahla ephukile naleyo esingasahlanzeki izokhishwa kufakwe entsha. Ngalesisikhathi, kumele idlu yezinkukhu izungezwe nangaphandle kubhekwe konke okungaba imfucuza nakho kususwe, konke ukungcola, izimpaphe/amaqubu kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi cishe ibanga elingamamitha amabili elizungeze indlu nalo liyasuswa lonke ukhula nokungcola.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza ngokumanzisa, kusetshenziswa izikhucululi kanye nensipho ukuhlanza, kuhashazwe noma kucwiliswe leyondawo, kuphinde kukhishwe yonke imfucuza. NgokwabeNhlangano yoKudla nezeMvelo kwiNhlangano Yezizwe kumbiko Ngokuhlanza & ukufafaza ngezibulalimagciwane kumaPulazi eziNkukhu othulwe ngu Yoni Segal, insipho eyimpuphu yokuwasha izingubo ejwayelekile, iyindlela eshibhile nensebenza kahle engasetshenziswa.
Izihlanzi esisebenza ngomfutho womoya nazo ziyaye zisetshenziswe ngalesi sikhathi, ngokukhethekile ngamanzi afudumele ukuze kuhlanzwe kahle zonke izindawo nokunzima ukufinyelela kuzo ngokuhlanza okujwayelekile kubalwa nezindawo ezingenisa umoya namafeni.
Ngesikhathi sokufafazwa ngesibulalimagciwane, kusetshenziswa isibulali magciwane ukubulala amagciwane angabonakali ngehlo. uAsosiyeshini wezokufuywa kweziNkukhu eNingizimu Afrika ulululeka abalimi ukuba baqikelele ukulandelela yonke imiyalelo ebekiwe yokusebenzisa ngoba angeke sisebenze kahle isibulalimagciwane uma sifakwa kancane, uma sicishizwe ukusebenza isikhathi esifushane noma isikhathi eside kakhulu noma simiswe ukusebenza ngaphampi kokucolisisa kwesikhathi esisibekelwe singakapheli. Amanzi nezinga lokushisa kumele ziqikelelwe ngesikhathi zisetshenziswa. Ngemuva kokuba sekuphothuliwe ukufafazwa kwamagciwane, yonke impahla kumele ibuyiselwe ngamphambi kokuba indlu ifuswe nokuyisinyathelo sokugcina sokuzama ukwehlisa amagciwane anobongozi.
Translated by Nokubonga Guliwe