Iyini i-Agroecology?

© Alan Rosenberg
I-agroecology iyisayensi kanye nomkhuba wezolimo futhi sekuyintuthuko yomhlaba wonke.

Okuyisisekelo se-Agroecology

Isimiso esiyisisekelo se-agroecology sigxile ekwakheni inhlabathi evundile futhi sikhuthaza abalimi ukuba baluse inhlabathi kunokuba isitshalo. I-agroecology ihlonipha ulwazi lendabuko nolwazi lendawo, oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi olubucayi futhi luhambisana nesistimu yolwazi lwendabuko yesizwe sase-Iroquois, isizwe saseMelika esizalwa. I-agroecology nayo iyavuma ukuthi ezolimo kudingeka zibheke iMigomo yesiGaba sesi-7. Lesi simiso sichaza ukuthi izinqumo esizenzayo namuhla kufanele zenze izwe elizinzile izizukulwane eziyisikhombisa esikhathini esizayo. Lesi simiso siphinde sikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi enempilo ngokuqinisa ukuthi kufanele sigxile ekuthuthukiseni inhlabathi hhayi ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo.
Imikhiqizo yokukhiqiza ye-agroecology isekelwe ezimisweni zemvelo futhi ihlose ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kokungeniswa kwamaphandle.
I-agroecology isebenzisa imikhuba yokulima njengokuhlanganisa, ukudoba kwendabuko kanye nokulima (okungahambisani nemodeli yokulima imfuyo yezimboni), ukuhlanganisa izitshalo, izihlahla, imfuyo kanye nenhlanzi, ukumbumbulula, ukwenza kanye nokusebenzisa umquba, kanye nokusebenzisa imbewu yendawo kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane.

I-Agroecology Nokulima

©Alan Rosenberg
I-agroecology iphakamisa ukulima ukuthi 'izikhungo zokukhiqiza ukudla okusebenzisa kahle kakhulu izimpahla nezinsizakalo zemvelo ngenkathi zingalimazi lezi zinsiza'. Ukulima kuyakhula futhi kuyaphumelela uma isebenza nemvelo yendawo. Isibonelo esilandelayo sibonisa; ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi kanye nekhwalithi yezitshalo ngokusebenzisa ukwanda kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kunokuba zibhekane nemvelo ngokufakelwa kwamakhemikhali.
Abalimi abasebenza nge-agroecology bahlose ukuthuthukisa impilo yomhlabathi nokuzala, ukwandisa isivuno sokudla kokudla okulinganiselayo, ukuqinisa izimakethe ezifanele zomkhiqizo wabo, ukuthuthukisa imvelo enempilo nokwakha ulwazi lwamasiko okhokho namasiko.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Agroecology

I-agroecology akuyona i-term yamuva - ingabonakala ezincwadini zesayensi kusukela kuma-1920. Muva nje, i-agroecology ingene engxoxweni yezikhungo zamazwe ngamazwe neze-UN.
Kuthiwa i-agroecology ihlanganisa ubukhulu bezombangazwe, ezenhlalo, ezomnotho kanye namasiko. Ngempela, i-agroecology iqotho ku-'Imemezelo Yomhlaba Wonke Yamalungelo Omama Womhlaba, 'okwakhiwa kwiNgqungquthela Yezwe Yabantu mayelana nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu ngo-2010.
I-Food and Agriculture Organisation yeZizwe Ezihlangene (i-FAO) yaqhuba amakhomishana e-agroecology ukusiza amazwe ukuqondisa ukudla kanye nezinhlelo zezolimo ukuze kube nokulima okusimeme ngesilinganiso esikhulu. I-agroecology ihlose ukufeza 'iZero Hunger' nezinye izinjongo eziningi zokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo 'zeZizwe Ezihlangene'.
Kusukela kulezi zinhlangano zemfundo ye-FAO, izici eziyishumi ezilandelayo ze-agroecology zavela:
Ukuhlukahluka
Ama-Synergies
Ukusebenza kahle
Ukuvuselelwa
Ukusebenzisa kabusha
Ukwakhiwa ngokubambisana
Ukwabelana kolwazi
Izindinganiso zomuntu nezenhlalakahle
Ukubusa okuphathekayo
Umnotho oyindilinga kanye nobumbano
Lezi zakhi ezingu-10 ze-agroecology zithintana futhi zingezansi.

I-Agroecology eNingizimu Afrika

Kutholakale ukuthi noma ngabe kuphi ezweni le-agroecology liye laphumelela, uhulumeni wendawo usekela. Ukwesekwa kukahulumeni kwe-agroecology kuye kwabangelwa ukunyakaza okuqinile kwezenhlalakahle okwenza uhulumeni wabo abeke izinqubomgomo zokusekela endaweni.
ENingizimu Afrika, kunomqulu wesine 'wokuxoxwa okuyimfihlo' ka-Agasti 2011 ezixhunywe kwezolimo eziphilayo, lapho i-Organic Policy Policy isesimeni sayo sesishiyagalombili.
Uhlaka olulawulayo lokulawula umkhakha lubizwa ukuba, ukuze kwandiswe ukulandelwa, ukusobala, ukulandelela nokuphendula ekusekeleni ukukhiqizwa kwezinga eliphakeme nemikhiqizo ephilayo ephephile emakethe yasendaweni kanye nemakethe yokuthekelisa.

Translated by Nsika Khoza