Ngaphezulu kweNingizimu Afrika, kunomthelela oqondile wemvula enezimvula ezanda ukusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga. Lokhu kuboniswa ukungafani kwemvula ngonyaka phakathi kwePort Nolloth ogwini olusentshonalanga, 50 mm, noRichards Bay, 1 000 mm, endaweni efana nelwandle olusempumalanga.
I-plateau yangaphakathi, iFree State eMpumalanga, esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali, eMpumalanga Kapa naseMpumalanga ithola cishe yonke imvula yayo njengemvula, imvula enezimvula. Lezi zimvula ezikhulayo zikhula ngoba zonke lezi zindawo zinokushisa okwanele ehlobo. Ngamafuphi, umoya omanzi oshisayo okhuphukayo, uhlahlela phansi, uphinde ukhululeke futhi unqande njengemvula.
Engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeNingizimu Afrika, imvula iphansi ngoba akukho umswakama okwanele emkhathini wemvula enezimvula. Futhi, akukho miphumela ephawulekayo yemvula ezintabeni eduze kwe-escarpment esentshonalanga. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umoya ovela emanzini ashisayo wamanje awunamanzi amaningi futhi imimoya yasogwini iqhuma ngokufanayo nezintaba. Imvula ye-orographic yakhiwa lapho umoya omanzi uphoqelelwa ohlangothini lwentaba.
Izindawo zeMvula eNingizimu Afrika
Imvula eneziqhumane zezindawo zentaba ibaluleke kakhulu ekunisele ezindaweni ezimile zezolimo ngezinye izikhathi ngamakhulu amakhilomitha kude. Ama-Runoff avela eDrakensberg / Maluti Mounti yaseLesotho naseMpumalanga Kapa adliwa ngamathanga ukuze anisele izindawo eziphakathi nendawo e-Orange River.
Isibonelo esihle semvula ye-orographic singabonakala e-Eastern Cape ngase-Alice. Isilinganiso minyaka yonke e-Alice emagqumeni eNtaba i-Amatola cishe ngamamitha angu-500, kodwa eWolfridge ezintabeni, imvula yaminyaka yonke ingaba ngu-1 700 mm. Okudlulele kakhulu kuWemmershoek ezintabeni ezingaphezu kweFranschhoek, lapho isilinganiso semvula minyaka yonke singaphezu kuka-3 000 mm.
Izihlwathi Nomoya Obandayo
Imvula ephezulu KwaZulu-Natali nasezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Eastern Cape ngenxa yomswakama owenziwe umswakama ovela emanzini afudumele aseMozambique. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-cyclone asezindaweni ezishisayo ahlakulela, okuletha izimvula ezibhubhisa nezikhukhula.Izimvula zasebusika ezeningizimu-ntshonalanga neNingizimu eningizimu zilethwa yizikhukhula noma izinkungu ezibandayo. Ama-cold fronts asondela eNtshonalanga Kapa ukusuka entshonalanga, futhi adlulisele isifundazwe empumalanga. Lezi zikhathi ezibandayo ziletha izinsuku zemvula ezithambile, kodwa isilinganiso semvula yaminyaka yonke kulezi zindawo ziphansi. Isizathu esikhulu semvula encane ukuthi umoya omanzi uvela olwandle olubandayo, okuholela emazingeni aphansi okuphuza.
Amaphesenti Akhethekile Wezimvula
Iphethini lokusabalalisa lokubaluleka kwezemvelo elibaluleke kakhulu litholakala ezigodini ezijulile zemifula eMpumalanga Kapa naseKwaZulu-Natali. Lezi zigodi ezishisayo zinemvula ephansi kakhulu kunezindawo eziphakathi kwazo. Ngenxa yokushisa okuphakeme ezigodini, kunezinga eliphakeme lokuphefumula, izitshalo ezilahlekelwa amanzi, nokushisa, okudinga ezolimo ezisele.
NgeSonto River River Valley, imvula yaminyaka yonke e-Addo i-390 mm kuphela, kanti izinga lokushisa eliphakeme eNingizimu Afrika lilotshwe eKirkwood, 55ºC. Futhi, ejulile eKeiskamma River Valley imvula ejwayelekile eDank den Goewerneury ingama-390 mm kuphela, kodwa i-500 mm eMiddledrift, eseduze kodwa ngaphandle komfula ojulile.
Imvula yamaphakathi ehlobo.
Izindawo zemvula zasehlobo zihlukaniswa njengemvula yokuqala, ephakathi, ephuzile noma ephuzile kakhulu ehlobo. Lokhu kubonisa inyanga lapho imvula yasehlobo ingenazi lapho kuqala imvula yasehlobo.
I-Eastern Cape ephakathi iveza imidwebo ebalulekile yehlobo ehlobo; ukuphakama okuncane entwasahlobo kanye nenhlanhla enkulu ekupheleni kwehlobo / ekwindla zakuqala. Phakathi-phakathi kukhona isomiso esiphakathi kwehlobo. Imvula ephansi kanye nokushisa okukhulu kakhulu ukubeka ukucindezeleka kwamanzi ekukhuleni izitshalo zasehlobo.
Abalimi kumele babe nezinhlelo zamasu kanye namasu okubhekana nokulahlekelwa nokulimala kwezitshalo ngesikhathi sokunciphisa amanzi.
I-sprays ephikisana ne-Anti-infirant ingaphazamisa ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi ngokuphefumula. Lezi zingabiza futhi zibe nemiphumela emibi, njengokunciphisa izithombeynthesis. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izihlahla zinganciphisa ukuze zinciphise indawo yeqabunga futhi zinciphise ukuphefumula. Lokhu kwenziwa ezinsimini zezithelo zase-citrus endaweni yaseLetsitele ngesikhathi sesomiso esinzima sama-1980.
Translated by Nsika Khoza