Ukubhaqwa Kwe Mapungubwe

Kwafunyanwa Izinto Zegolide

©Roger de la Harpe
Kwaqalwa ukuqatshelwa iMapungubwe ngeminyaka yoo 1930, ngethuba abantu abamhlophe beqala ukunyuka kulenduli okokuqala. Abazange babenoloyiko lweenkolelo zabantu balapha, nebazibona njengee nkolelo eziphambeneyo ngezinyanya. Aba baphandi bokuqala bafumana umhlaba wamngcwaba onamangcwaba angama 23. Uninzi lwalamangcwaba ayengenanto inomtsalane, kodwa abamathathu atsala umdla wabo. Elinye lawo, Nombolo 14, lalinebhinqa elalingcwatywe lihleli ngeempundu, endaweni yokuba lilaliswe ngecala. Okunye okunika umdla yindlela awayehonjiswe ngayo ngethuba engcwatywa.
Eli bhinqa lalinxibe ibhengile ezingaphaya kwe 100 emaqatheni, kwaye ingcwaba lakhe lalinee ntsimbi zegolide ezingama 12 000 (ezinobunzima obumalunga ne 2.2 yeekhilogrem) kunye nama 26 000 eentsimbi zegilasi. Abo bamfumanayo, bathatha kwanyanzeleka ukuba babugalele epheyileni obu bucwebe. Ingcwaba lesibini elibalulekileyo yayilele ndoda. Nayo lendoda yayingcwatywe ihleli ngempundu, inxibe umgexo wentamo owenziwe ngeentsimbi zegolide kunye namakhoba enGqoqho. Le ndoda yayikwanazo nezinye izinto ezenziwe nge foil yegolide-Enye yazo ifana noxam. Kukholelwa ukuba ezi zinto zazisenzelwa ukumhlalisa kwilizwe labafileyo.
Eyona nto idumileyo yafunyanwa apho, ngumntu owangacaci nokuba wayeyindoda na okanye ibhinqa. Wayengcwatywe nezinto ezintle ngeyona ndlela: Isitya esimgobongqo (mhlawumbi sasisetyenziswa njengomnqwazi okanye isithsaba), intonga yegunya kunye nomkhombe omncinane. Kulamangcwaba kwaphinda kwafunyanwa amaqhekeza emikhombe yegolide. Kuba amanye amangcwaba akulenduli ayengenazinto zexabiso, kuqikelelwa ukuba aba bantu bathathu yayingabantu aba balulekileyo, nangona izikhundla zabo zingenakwaziwa. Eli bhinqa umzekelo, lalisenokuba ngumama wasebukhosini, udade, inkosikai, igqirha okanye iKumkanikazi yase Maphungubwe.

i-Icon yeHlabathi

©David Fleminger
Umkhombe wegolide sele ubonwa njenge icon yehlabathi. Umncinane kodwa wenziwe ngobuchule, wenziwe ngokubethelela ifoyile yegolide kumthi okroliweyo (nosele wabola kudala). Lamacwecwe aceke-ceke efoyile yegolide, mambi azi 0.5 mm kuphela ubungqindilili. Ayethi adityaniswe ngenqwaba yezikhonkwane ezincinane zegolide.
Nangona lomkhombe unephondo elinye kuphela (nto leyo enokuthetha ukuba ngumkhombe onephondo elinye wohlobo lwe Sumatran rhino. Oku kungangqinelana nentetho zokuba kwakukho isandla sangaphandle ekwenziweni kwemimangaliso yase Mapungubwe), lomzekeliso ufana ngqo nowomkhombe wokwenene. uHuffman wade wabalula ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba nguBhejane.
Sele kufunyenwe iqela leminye imikhombe kulenduli ibizwa nge Mapungubwe Hill, kodwa ayiphelelanga okanye ayigqitywanga ukwenziwa. Ngaphandle kokubaluleka okucacileyo kwalo mkhombe wegolide, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho bani waziyo ukuba lomkhombe wawuliphawu elithile elibalulekileyo okanye isithixo esithile kubantu base Maphungubwe.
Ikhona ke neminye mifunziselo yezinye izilwanyana esele ifunyenwe kulendulu. Kwaye lomkhombe kusenokwenzweka ukuba wawuyinxalenye yezithixo ezazinqulwa kule ndawo. Akucaci ke ukuba legolide yayinyibilikiswa kwaye isenziwa kwakulendawo, okanye mhlawumbi yayisenziwa kumzi mveliso okwenye indawo. Nangona kunjalo, umkhombe wegolide ye icon ekhethekileyo yakudala dala yelizwekazi le Afrika. Lo mkhombe uhamba phambili kuluhli lwengqokelela enika umtsalane kwi Muziyamu yase Mapungubwe.

Ixabiso Lemali nele Zenkolo

Into yokuba abemi base Mapungubwe babehlonipha abalishiyileyo eli ngokuthi babangcwabe nezinto zegolide kunye neentsimbi zegolide, ibonisa ukuba obubucwebe babungasa setyenziselelwa ukunaniselana. Igolide yayisele inexabiso kwezenkolo kunye nelemali. Noxa kunjalo, lwaluseluninzi unaniselwano olwalusenzeka phakathi kwe Maphungubwe nendawo eziselunxwemeni.
Ukusukela ngethuba abantu babehlala eK2-abantu base Mapungubwe babetshintshisa ngegolide yabo, amaphondo, amafele kunye nekopolo ukuze bafumane iintsimbi zegilasi, nebabezisebenzisa ukwenza izinto ezintle zehombo. Ezi ntsimbi zazihlohlwa kusenziwa ngazo imigexo ebonakalisa isikhundla okanye ukubaluleka ekuhlaleni. Amawaka-waka ezintsimbi, kunye namacwecwe ambaca enziwe ngamaqanda enciniba kunye neentsimbi ezi ethe-ethe, zafunyanwa kwesi siza. Kwaphinda kwafunyanwa nembiza enkulu yomdongwe egcwele mome ziintsimbi, kumqolomba okufutshane.
Amakhoba eeNgoqha, uhlobo oluthile lwemali eyayisetyenziswa kudala dala kwihlabathi liphela, nawo afunyanwa kwelinye lamangcwaba asebukhosini. Iiqela lamaceba ekomityi kunye nee pleyiti zohlobo we Celadon yase China, nalo lagujululwa kulendulu. Kurhanelwa ukuba ezingceba zazisaya kuba yiseti yokuphunga yeKumkanikazi. Imitya yodongwe kunye newulu zafunyanwa okokuqala eMapungubwe, oku kuntama okokuba abantu base Mapungubwe babezenzela amalaphu wabo eempahla. Umqhapho sisityalo salendawo, koda kusenokwenzeka ukuba itheknoloji yokuwujika ubelilaphu, yayisuka kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni.

Translated by Zizipho Silwana