Unxweme Olwandayo Lwasempuma
Ekupheleni kwewaka leminyaka yokuqala ngexesha eliqhelekileyo, unxweme olusempuma ye Afrika luye lwanda. Abantu abasebenza ngolwandle aphuma e-Arab kunye nase Asia bafumanise imimoya yorhwebo yonyaka, ethe yabavumela ukuba bahambe ngomkhumbi kunxwemeni lwe-Afrika apho bafike bathatha izikhumba zezilwanyana, igolide, kunye ne ayivori kuluntu lwalapho.
Izitishi zorhwebo ezininzi ziye zamiselwa kwindawo ezifana ne Zanzibar, Mogadishu, Madagascar kunye ne Kilwa, lusenza inethiwekhi yorhwebo lwaselwandle olwaqala pha kwixesha lohambo lokufumanisa lwama Yurophu, eminyakeni engaphezu kweyi 500. Esona sitishi sorhwebo ebesisezantsi yi-Sofala, ebisecaleni kwesixeko sanamhlanje i-Beira, e-Mozambique.
Amaqela wama Afrika asebenza ngokuthutha iimpahla, ebephatha impahla zabo zorhwebo azise elunxwemeni, apho bezitshintshwa zibe ziiintsimbi zeglasi, amakhoba e-cowrie kunye nepisi yekheramic ephuma pha e-Far East.
Impucuko yase Mapungubwe
Ngenxa yokuba ingqiqi yase Limpopo ibiphethe izinto eziphilayo zeendlovu zasendle ukwenzela i-ayivori kunye neepisi zegolide, iintlanga ezininzi zakule ndawo ziye zaphumelela. Ngokwendalo, abasomashishini baqale baphuhlisa impucuko esexabisweni esekelwe bubutyebi bomntu kunye nesimo sakhe emphakathini.
Ngethamsanqa, ngelo xesha, imozulu ibikwizinga elithandekayo kwaye ubukhosi obuvelayo luqiniswe ngumhlaba ochumileyo kunye noninzi lwemfuyo. Isakhiwo esikhulu sorhwebo lwexesha lwentsimbi, sibekwe kumakhulu ekhilomitha angase mntla-ntshona wase Kruger National Park, ecaleni kohlanga lwemilambo yase Limpopo nase Shashe.
Ngo 1200, lomphakathi ukhule waba ngumbuso omkhulu, osebenzisa impembelelo ngaphezu kwezikwere zeekhilomitha ezingamakhulu amaninzi, kwindawo eyaziwa njengo mda-webhoda yengqinqi enqumla phakathi kwe Botswana, i-Zimbabwe kunye noMzantsi Afrika.
Namhlanje yaziwa njenge Mpucuko yase-Mapubungwe, isixeko dolophu sakhiwe kwindawo eyahlukileyo emcaba egcwele entabeni kwicala elingasemazantsi omlambo wase-Limpopo. Engqungqutheleni yentaba kuye kwahlala ikumkani kunye neqembu elincinane. Pha kunyawo lwentaba bekuhlala iwaka labantu, elalikholelwa ukuba ikumkani yabo ingcwele.
I-Mapungubwe Edlulileyo
Kwiminyaka eyi 100, abantu ababehlala ngakwintaba yase Mapungubwe baye baphumelela. Ngequbuliso, impucuko yophuhliso yawa. Akukhangeleki ingathi intaba yahlaselwa ngamandla angaphandle, kodwa imeko yemozulu itshintshile futhi nembalelo inyanzelise abantu ukuba bahambe kulo ndawo.
Nokuba yintoni isizathu, i-Mapubungwe yashiywa ngokukhawuleza. Ibingunyaka ka 1930 apho amafama amhlophe asengingqini azivela ngalentaba engavumelekanga, futhi bebengenaxesha leenkolelo, bayinyukile lentaba besiya phezulu. Bafumane amangcwaba asebukhosini akumphezulu wentaba, agcwele zizinto zegolide zokungcwaba, ezithe zakhuthaza ugrunjo lweminyaka eyi 70 olusaqhubeka nangoku.
Imfihlelo ye-Mapungubwe
Ixesha Elikhethekileyo lase Afrika
