Emva kwexesha lokuvuna, zonke izinongo ezibalulekiley o ukuze isityalo sikhule kunye nomhlaba ongumgquba kufuneka uphinde ugalelwe. Umgquba wenziwa ngezinto zendalo ezenziwe ngokwendalo negalelwa emhlabeni ukuze ifake izinongo emhlabeni hayi kwisityalo ubuqu.
Lo mgquba ugutywa yi yisti, ukungunda kunye nezinye izithako zomhlaba de ube kanti udibene namanzi aphantsi komhlaba ze kengoku ukwazi ukufunxwa zingcambu zezityalo. Ngalendlela izinongo zifikelela kwisisityalo. Xa umgqaba sele uxebene kakuhle nomhlaba, kudaleka I humus.
Yeyona ndidi izinzileyo ye carbon. Imivuzo ye humus iquka ukulungisa iminerali, ukugcina amanzi (ihumus ifunxa ze igcine amanzi) kwaye ikwanceda uzinzise ipH yomhlaba. Umgquba olungileyo ugalelwa emhlabeni ukuze uphucule umgangatho wawo, ukukwazi ukubamba amanzi uze wonyuse nobomi bomhlaba ngokufaka ubuncwane bendalo kwi microbes ezizelwe emhlabeni.
Abanye abavelisi bongeza nomgquba emhlabeni xa betyala izityalo ezitsha. Ifuthe lomgquba kukukhula kwesityalo kungaqhubekeka amaxesha amaninzi okulima. Umlinganiselo womgquba ogalelwayo uxhomekeka kwisityalo eso silinywayo; umgangatho wesivuno esilindelekileyo kwaye kukwaxhomekeka ukuba umhlaba udinga izinongo ezingakanani na.
Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba kuqalwe kujongwe iminerali, ipH kunye nezinye ipropati zomgquba phambi kokuba ugalelwe emhlabeni. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuba ukunqongophala kwezinto ezithile kwisityalo kungalungiswa ngezinongo zamagqabi kunye ne additives.
Eyona ndidi iqhelekileyo yomgquba yenziwa ngomxube welindle lezilwanyana (nitrogen) ezifana ne nobulongwe benkomo kunye nezityalo (carbon) ezifana nengca eyomiley, amagqabi okanye imithi (engafunekiyo efunxa amanzi).
Udoti wase masimini ofana namagqabi achetyiweyo, amaxolo emidiliya, kunye nezityalo zokugquma ezisikiweyo zingasetyenziswa ukwenza umgquba. Umlinganiselo othile womxube we carbon kwi nitrogen ukuze izinto owenziwe ngazo zixubeke kakuhle-Nebizwa nge C:N ratio.
Ngethuba lomgquba usenzeka (microbiological process) udinga amanzi, umoya kunye nexesha kwakunye namaqondo obushu ongama 50- 60°C kangange xesha elithile ukuze kutshabalele ukhula. Umgquba kufanele ube kanti ucoleke kakuhle kuba xa usenezigaqa zezinto owenziwe ngayo ungatshisa iingcambu zezityalo kwaye wandise namathuba okutsha kwee minerali.
Kucetyiswa ukuba kugalelwe umlinganiselo womgquba apho kuvunguzwe khona umhlaba, ube ngama 20 - 30 m³ / ha kwimifuno ze ibeli 10 m³ / ha kwimithi yemidiliya, iziqhamo kunye nengqolowa.
Nomlinganiselo omncinici ongama 5 m³ / ha womgquba onezithako ezaneleyo no coleke kakuhle ungenza umahluko kumhlaba ubusele ‘ufile’ ungenazinongo. Umgqubo, umxube wamanzi nomgquba kunye namanzi anogwebu kuku mpntshwa ngempompo yomoya, ungagalelwa emhlabeni ngokunkcenkceshela okany ngesitshizi.
Translated by Zizipho Silwana