Ndi Tshifhio Tshimela tsha Pfulo Tshine wa nga Tshitavha?

U ta zwimela u tshi khou itela pfulo zwi vha zwi tshi khou taluswa nga:
Mutsho na nyimelo ya mavu
U vha hone ha madi
Zwifuwo zwifhio kana u tanganelana ha zwifuwo zwine zwa do kona u thusa kha pfulo
U fhela ha u shumiswa ha pfulo - sa tsumo, pfulo inga shumiswa hu tshi khou fuliwa na fhedzi kana i do kona na u ita dzi furu na silage?

Zwimela zwa pfulp Afrika tshipembe

©Kamrul Islam Shahin

Uya nga vha Department of Forage Technology of the Agricultural Research Council (ARC), vhunzhi ha zwimela zwa pfulo zwi vha zwi tshi khou shumiselwa uri hu kone u itwa furu hu vha hu (Eragrostis curvula) na Eragrostis tef. Arali u tshi khou toda u ita silage, hu ya shumiswa mavhele, naho zwo ralo hu ya shuma na mufhoho.
Mahatsi ane atou divhea vhukuma ndi mahatsi a tshilimo ndi a ulu (Anthephora pubescens), Rhodes grass na Finger grass. Mahatsi avhuria hu vha ho katelwa na cock’s foot, tall fescue, oats na stooling rye. Legumes kha mutevhe wa ARC’s hokatelwa dolichos bean na stylo (sa dzi legume dza tshilimo) na white clover, lucerne na medics sa dzi legume dza vhuria.
Dzine dza divhea dzi legume-musi u tshi khou tanganisa na mahatsi dzine dza vha dzo themendeliwa nga vha ARC ndi Italian ryegrass-white clover, sorghum-cowpea kana sorghum-dolichos bean na hairy vetch-black oats-Daikon radish zwo tangana.

Vhothe vhane vha rengisa dzi mbeu vha nga kona u tsivhudza uri ndi tshimela tshifhio tsha pfulo tshine tsha vha uri tshi khwine kha u tshi tavha kha vhupo hahanu kha lushaka lwa mavu a hanu. Unga humbela u thuswa.

Tshaka dza Zwimela zwa Pfulo

©Pannar Saad

Pfulo dzi ya khethekanyiwa dza bva zwipida zwivhili - dzine dza vha dza mutsho na dzine dza vha hune ha fhisa.
Tropical Pastures
Tropical pastures dzi tavhiwa musi huna dzi mvula dza tshilimo Afrika Tshipembe, kanzhi kha nwedzi wa tshilimo une wa vha Tshimedzi uya kha Luhui. Hezwi zwimela zwi ya dala vhuria nga murahu ha musi wo zwivhea na dzi pfushi kha midi yazwo kha tshifhefho, zwine zwa ita uri musi hu tshi swika Lutabvula zwi vhe zwo no lugela u hula.
Tshimea tshine tsha tou divhea vhukuma ndi teff (Eragrostis tef). Teff, tshine tsha tou kona vhukuma kha u bveledza furu, tshi ya hula kha mavu othe na hone unga tshibveledza fhethu hothe hune ha vha ho oma. Kha u fula fodder sorghum na pearl millet dzi ya divhea na dzone.

Mahatsi ane avha uri o ima hu vha ho katelwa Smuts finger grass (Digitaria eriantha), Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana), Weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula), Paspalum na tasty Guinea grass (Panicum maximum), na ine ya vhidziwa white buffalo grass. Kha zwipida zwa Afrika Tshipembe hune ha vha uri ho oma, blue buffalo grass ndi yone ine ya hula hone. Fhethu hune ha nesa dzi mvula hune ha vha uri ho dzika, kana hune ha sheledziwa, Kikuyu ndi yone ine ya hula zwavhudi kha mavu matete.

Dzi legume dza hune ha vha uri ho oma sa zwimela zwine zwa vha zwa pfulo hu vha ho katelwa na tshaka dzine dza nga greenleaf desmodium, perennial soybean, siratro (purple bush-bean), stylo na lucerne.
Mutsho wa Pfulo
Zwimela zwine zwa vha zwa pfulo zwa fhethu hune ha vha uri ho dzika zwi dzula zwo dalafhala musi hu vhuria zwi ya kona na u kondelela murotho. Wo vhambedza na zwimela zwine zwa mela hune ha vha uri hu ya fhisa, zwimela zwa hone zwi ya difha, zwa dovha zwa vha na pfushi zwa dovha zwa kona u milea zwi vha zwi tshi khou amba uri hezwi zwimela zwi vha zwi tshi khou fha pfushi kha zwifuwo.
Tsumbo dza zwimela zwa musi ho dzika ndi Westerworld na Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue na cock’s foot. Clovers - berseem clover, white na red clovers – ndi dzone dzi legume dzine dza vha uri dzi ya kona u tangana na mahatsi.

Legumes

©Pannar Saad

Legumes - clovers, soybeans na peas – ndi zwimela, naho zwi tshi khou vha tsumbo ya vhushaka ha mabuli na zwitshili zwine zwa vhidziwa upfi Rhizobium, zwi ya thusa u engedza nitrogen kha mavu. Sa zwimela zwa pfulo. Dzi legume adzi tou toda vhunzhi ha manyoro u fana na mahatsi.
Dzina midzi milapfu ine ya kona utsa fhasi fhasi mavuni u ri dzi kone u wana madi dza vha na matari ane avha uri o vulea. Zwine musi wo vhambedza na mahatsi ane avha na midzi yo phadalalaho na matari masekene malapfu. Tsumbo ya dzi legume dza musi hu tshi khou fhisa hu vha ho katelwa stylo na lucerne, in ya dovha ya vhidziwa upfi alfalfa USA. Tsumbo dza dzi legume dzine dza vha uri dzi ya tenda kha mitsho ine ya vha uri yo ya nga u fhambana ndi red na white clover.

Zwa ndeme: hezwi ndi zwauri u kone u guda na uri vhathu vhavhe na ndivho fhedzi nahone azwi faneli u shumiswa sa zwith zwine zwa vha uri ndi wa kulele kwa zwifuwo kana zwa u tsivhudza kha zwa pfushi. Arali u tshi khou toda ndivho nnzhi nga ha u lisa zwifuwo zwau na u tavha zwimela u fanela u kwama mudivhi wa zwimela kana ane azwi disa.

Translated by Khalirendwe Nekhavhambe