Ndzhawu ya Ndzhavuko na Swirhapa swa Richtersveld

Esoteric Beauty

©Shem Compion
Ndzhawu ya Richtersveld i ndzhawu leyingariki na nchumu; ya hisa, yi omile naswona yitikomba yingari na vutomi. Yina kusaseka kun’wana loku kutikaka swinene, kambe hikokwalaho kayini ndzhawu leyi yoka yinga humelerisi nchumu yivitaniwa kumbe kukuma xivandla xa World Heritage? Loko switetano, kuya hi maphepha lawa yanga lulamisiwa hi ntlawa lowu langhaka, ndzhawu leyi yina tlhelo na ntumbuluko nara ndzhavuko leswi endlaka leswaku yiva ndzhawu leyi hlawulekeke. Hi marito yan’wana, kuna swotala e Richtersveld kutlula leswi voniwaka kunene. Kuya hi nkoka wa ndzhavuko, Richtersveld i kaya ra swirho leswinga sala swa rixaka ra Nama ra ma-Khoikhoi lava vaha landzelelaka xinto xa vutomi bya semi-nomadic.
Ndlela leyi yohlawuleka ya ‘transhumance’ yikatsa mintlawa yamindyangu leyintsongo leyi fambaka na mintlhambi ya tinyimpfu na timbuti kusuka eka madyelo yan’wana kuya eka yan’wana. Lexingana nkoka, hileswaku vanwana vaha hanya eka tiyindlu tavona ta rhandavula ta byasi matjieshuise (reed huts), letitivekaka hi |haru oms hi ririmi ra Nama. Xivumbeko na maendlelo ya ndzhavuko lawa yanga tshoviwangiki kufikela namuntlha yasukela e ndzhaku kusuka kwalomuya ka 2000 wa malembe lawa ya hundzeke.

Kuhambanana loku Hlamarisaka

©David Fleminger
Ntumbuluko lowu nawona wanyanyula swinene. E handle ka timpfula letintsongo letinaka hi lembe, kuna maxelo yohlaya yohambana lawa yakumekaka e ndzhawini ya Richtersveld lawa ya pfumelelaka kuhambana hambana ka swimilani kuva swiva na vutomi. 350 wa tinxaka tikumeka eka ndzhawu leyi naswona yina masimu yohambana hambana ya misava leyi (Yikumeka ekusuhi na Alexander Bay). Kuhundza kwalano, Richtersveld i xiphemu xa Succulent Karoo biome, lexi angarhelaka tindzhawu ta malwandle yale vupela dyambu bya Afrika Dzonga nale Dzongeni wa Namibia. Ndzhawu leyi yo anama yina kwalomu ka kutlula 5000 wa tinxaka ta swimilani naswona kwalomu ka 40% wa swona hile kaya kaswona, kukatsa nati succulents leti kalaka swinene, leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na tindzhawu timbirhi to oma ta biodiversity letinga duma emisaveni hinkwayo (leyin’wana yile rimhondzweni ra Afrika).
Hambiswiritano, akuri nkoka wa ndzhavuko wa vafuwi wa rixaka ra Nama naswona vutomi byavona bya xikhale hibyona byinga nyanyula va UNESCO xikan’we na komiti ya valavisisi. Eka xiviko xa vona, vakume leswaku ndzhawu leyi yina ntiyiso na ntumbuluko wa yona. Maendlelo ya ndzhavuko yaku rhurha kuya hiti nguva yahari kona, ti stockposts na |haru oms swa ha tirhisiwa tani hi xiphemu xa vutomi bya siku na siku, na maendlelo yantolovelo yaku risa swifuwo leswi endliwaka hi rixaka ra Nama leswi i vumbhoni bya maendlelo ya xikhale yo lawula misava leswinga pfuna ku hlayisa ecosystem leyitsekatsekaka ya Succulent Karoo.

Nxaxameto wa World Heritage

©David Fleminger
Kuya hileswi kumekeka, ndzhavuko wa Richtersveld na swimilani swakona swivuye swipfumeleriwa eka nxanxameto wa World Heritage kuya hi swilaveko swa ndzhavuko iv na v, viz.:
Kuva xikombiso xohlamarisa xa muako, xivumbeko kumbe switirhisiwa swa thekinoloji kumbe ndzhawu leyi kombaka (a) xiteji xa nkoka (s) matimu ya munhu.

tKuva xikombiso xo hlawuleka xa ndzhavuko wa vutshamo bya vanhu, kutirhisiwa ka misava, kumbe kutirhisiwa ka lwandle leswi swiyimelaka ndzhavuko (kumbe mindzhavuko), kumbe ku nghenelela ka vanhu eka mbango ngopfu ngopfu loko swita eka timhaka taku cinca lokunga tlherisekeki.
Leswi switekiwe hi UNESCO hindlela leyi:
Ku fuwa ko hambana hambana ka swimilani swa ndzhawu liya ya Richtersveld, yivumbiwile hi madyelo ya rihlaza ya Nama lawa yimelaka no kombisa ndlela ya vutomi lebyinga hanyiwa malembe lawa yotala eka xiphemu lexinga dzongeni wa Afrika naswona akuri xiteji xa nkoka ekamatimu ya ndzhawu liya.
Richtersveld i yin’wana ya tindzhawu tintsongo e Dzongeni wa Afrika laha kufambisiwa ka swifuwo kuya kuma madyelo aswi endliwa: tani hi ndzhawu ya ntumbuluko (leswi kombisa nkoka waku hlangana ka vanhu na ndzhawu ya vona) swikomba vuxaka na maendlelo ya ndzhavuko wa Nama, eka vaaki va ndzhawu liya. Tindzhawu to dyela katona hi swifuwo kuya hi tinguva, leswi hlayisaka bio-diversity ya ndzhawu liya, laha aswi hangalakile naswona yile nghozini.

Ntikelo wa Ndzhawu

©Shem Compion
Tani hileswi swinga kombetiwa laha henhla, hambiswirtano, ndzhuti kumbe ku xiximiwa ka ndzhawu leyi wule nghozini. Sweswi kuna kwalomu ka 300 wa vanhu lava vaha landzelelaka maendlelo ya xikhale yo fuwa tihomu naswon votala vavona i vanhu lava kulu. Ndzhawu liya se na byasi bya yona byi dyiwile swinene, sweswo hikokwalaho ka leswi misava yakona yinga ya vanhu swinghenelele eka Nama eka malembe ya madzana nyana lawa ya hundzeke naswona swihungute ku famba famba ka swifuwo. Migingiriko ya mayini etlhelo ka nambu wa Orange River nale ntangeni wa Richtersveld National Park naswona swa onha swinene, tani hileswi swi onhaka mbango hi woxe na maendlelo ya ndzhavuko wa vanhu va Nama, lava sukelaka makaya ya vona kuya tirha e timayini nale ka madoroba lawa kulu.
Kuya hileswi, ndzhawu yona ya World Heritage yihungutiwile kuya fika eka sayizi leyi ringanaka Richtersveld Community Conservancy (RCC). Leyi i ndzhawu leyi ringanaka 160 000 hectares ta madyelo ya swifuwo, leyi lawuriwaka hiva Sida !hub Community Property Association (CPA). Hiku kongoma, ndzhawu leyinga tivisiwa yitsema ndzelekani hile nwalungwini wa tintshava ta Vandersterr Mountains, xikan’we nale nambyeni wa Orange River na tintshava ta Nababiep mountains evuhuma dyambu. Kuya e Dzongeni na le Vupela dyambu, ndzhawu leyi yitele hi tindzhawu todyela kona swifuwo. Eka nkarhi lowu, ntanga lowu wo xonga wa Richtersveld National Park (lowunga le nwalungwini wa tintshava ta Vandersterr Mountains) a wukatsiwanga eka World Heritage site hikuva kahari na migingiriko ya timayini leyinga kona eka ndzelekani wa ntanga lowu.
Swinga endleka, hambi swiritano, leswaku xiyimo xa World Heritage xinga engeteleriwa entangeni lowu ntsena loko timayini leti to pfariwa kutani ku pfuxeleriwa misava. Leswi swinga humelela kahari sweswi kungari endzhaku ka nkarhi hikuva timayini se tikarhele naswona kuna mintwanano leyinga kona leyi pfumelelaka swifuwo swa vanhu va Nama kuta dya byasi endzeni ka mindzelekani ya ntanga lowu.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni