Ku Byala
Kalavatla ri byariwa kusuka eka mbewu. Mbewu yinga byariwa emisaveni kumbe swimilani swi endliwa eka ti seed trays kutani swi simuriwa endzhaku kaloko swimilani swikurile.Mabyalelo
Byala mbewu ya kalavatla exikarhi ka 30 kuya eka 40 mm hiku enta. Leswi swinga endliwa hi voko kumbe muchini wobyala hi wona. Tiyisisa leswaku misava yatsakama loko unga se byala kutani u tlhela u cheleta loko u heta ku byala leswaku mbewu kumbe swimilani swita tshamiseka.Xipesi
Swimilani swa kalavatla swifanele kuva eka xipesi xa 50 kuya eka 75 cm hiku hambana eka mintila leyinga exikarhi ka 150 kuya eka 200 cm hiku hambana.
Kwalithi ya swimilani ya hambana kusukela exikarhi ka 8 000 na 15 000 wa swimilani hi hectare nakona swiya hi muxaka wa kalavatla rero, sayizi, naleswi muhandzu wungata tirhisiwa swona.
Nkarhi wo Byala
Ku byariwa ka mbewu ya kalavatla hixitalo swisungula kuva swisungula ekusunguleni ka ximun’wana emahelweni ya August kuya fika eka nhweti ya December eAfrika Dzonga. Swimilani swosungula swi sungula kubyariwa loko maxelo yasungula ku hisa ngopfu ngopfu loko misava yi hisa kufikela ehenhla ka 15°C.
Loko mahiselo ya misava yari e hansi swikavanyeta ku mila na kukula ka swimilani laha mbewu yn’wana yihetelelaka yinga milangi. Ku hatlisisa vuhumelerisi leswaku mihandzu yita hatlisa kuya xcavisiwa, varimi van’wana va byala mbewu ya vona eka ti greenhouses hi nhweti ya July naswona swiva swilulamele swiyimo swakahle swaku byala swimilani.
Leswi swivanyika kwalomu ka mavhiki yambirhi kumbe yanharhu ya xiyimo xa kahle leswaku vahatlisa va xavisa mihandzu ya vona.
Nkarhi wo Kula
Nkarhi wobyala wule xikarhi ka 12 na 18 wa mavhiki naswona swiya hiku i muxaka wihi xikan’we na xiyimo xa maxelo hinkarhi lowu wakukula hi wona.
Tinxaka letintsongo na tinxaka letingariki na mbewu ta kalavatla ti vupfa hiku hatlisa naswona tina ndhuma to nghena eka makete hiku hatlisa.
Ku Nonisa
Ku nonisa misava swifanele ku endliwa kuya hi switsundzuxo leswinga nyikiwa endzhaku kaloko ku vuye mbuyelo wa ndzavisiso wa misava na swilaveko swa swimilani swa wena. Xikombiso xa leswi kalavatla rilavaka swona swinyikiwila laha.
Loko u rimela ehansi swimilani swoengetela xikanwe na manyoro kwalomu ka ntlhanu wa mavhiki loko kunga se byariwa swimilani u fanele ku haxa 350 kg ya superphosphate hi hectare kutani kurimiwa ka 500 mm ya misava yale henhla hinkarhi walowo.
Eka xiteji lexi kunga se byariwaka, masiku nyana kunga se byariwa loko misava yitiyelanyana, tirhisa disk harrow u katsakanya kwalomu ka 800 kg wa 2:3:4 (27) wa nkatsakanyo wa manyoro hi hectare eka misava yale henhla ya 20 cm ya misava.
Kwalomu ka mavhiki yanharhu kuya eka mune endzhaku ko byala, loko swimilani switshamisekile naswona swirikarhi swikula kahle, chela kwalomu ka 300 kuya eka 400 kg wa 1:0:1 (36) ya nkatsakanyo wa Nitrogen (N) na Potassium (K) eka ntila lowu kunga byariwa eka wona kutani u heta u cheleta.
Kwalomu ka mavhiki yanharhu endzhaku ka sweswo, chela nakambe kwalomu ka 300 kuya eka 400 kg ya 1:0:1 (36) yinga cheriwa kupfuneta eka kukula ka mihandzu naku vupfa. Cheleta hi mati endzhaku ka ku chela manyoro nkarhi hinkwawo.
Ku Cheleta
Loko unga se cheleta misava kahle eka ndzhawu yobyala kutani u yisa emahlweni hindlela yoleyo leswaku swimilani leswintsongo switakota ku khoma emisaveni hiku hatlisa xikan’we na ku tirhisa swakudya kusuka eka manyoro lawa yanga cheriwa loko kunga se byariwa.
Veka tihlo eka kutsakama ka misava minkarhi hinkwayo hiku tirhisa voko, xipedi kumbe augur kumbe hiku tirhisa ti moisture meters. Ncheleto wa vhiki na vhiki lowu ringanaka exikarhi ka 30 na 35 mm. Leswi switala kuva swi avanyisiwile hikwalomu ka mbirhi kumbe kucheleta kanharhu hi vhiki leswaku swimilani swita kota ku kula kahle.
Loko mihandzu yisungula kutswala nakona timintsu tiva titiyerile, macheletelo yanga hungutiwa kuya eka kan’we hi vhiki eka misava leyingale henhla ya loam. Loko kutshunelela ntshovelo ku cheleta swifanele kuhungutiwa naswona eka vhiki rohetelela loko kunga se tshoveriwa ku cheleta swa yimisiwa handle kaloko mahiselo yari e henhla laha kunga tsakameki na kantsongo.
Translated by Ike Ngobeni