Artificial Insemination ya Tinguluve

©Glenneis Kriel
Keeping a boar for breeding can be expensive and increase the risk of diseases.
Swinga fani na ku endla masangu hi ntumbuluko laha nguluve ya xinuna hixiviri yi vekiwaka laha kunga nay a xisati kuva tita andzisana, artificial insemination yivula ku cheriwa ka ngati ya xinuna eka ya xisati laha ya xinuna swinga boheku leswaku yiva yirikona e purasini rero.

Maendlelo lawa ya pfumelela mufuwi kukuma tinguluve ta xinuna totala to hlawuleka kutlula leswi aswitava xiswona, laha hile tlhelo a hungutaka khombo rakuva tinguluve ti endla masangu hi ntumbuluko, kufana na kuvaviseka, kuhangalaka ka mavabyi kusuka eka ta xinuna kuya eka ta xisati kumbe eka ta xisati kuya eka ta xinuna xikan’we naku tirhisiwa ngopfu ka ta xinuna leswinga hungutaka matimba ya ngati ya xinuna. Kahle kahle, ngati ya xinuna yinga kamberiwa matimba yayona loko yinga se tirhisiwa eka artificial insemination.

E handle ka leswi, artificial insemination yi chipile swinene kutlula ku hlayisa naku phamela nguluve ya xiyimo xale henhla ya xinuna leyingana matimba swinene e purasini naswona swihunguta khomba rakuva titswalana hi xitona, tani hileswi mapurasi yangana tinguluve to hlaya swinene ku hlawula eka tona. Switlhela swipfumele nhlayo leyikulu swinene ya tinguluve ta xisati kuva ti biha emirini hinkarhi wuntsongo, leswi nyikaka mufuwi vulawuri byo antswa eka masiku yaku tswala xikan’we naku hlayisa swingulubyani.

Swikoweto swo Tsakela Masangu

©Glenneis Kriel
Keeping a Boar in the vicinity of a Sow during artificial insemination will help to ease the process.
Van’wamapurasi vanga xava ngati ya xinuna kumbe vayikuma kusuka eka tinguluve ta xinuna kwala purasini. Ngati ya xinuna ya hanya leswi vulaka leswaku yifanele ku khomiwa kahle. Yi fanele ku vekiwa eka 16 kuya eka 18 degrees Celsius kusukela loko yi tekiwile, hikuva leswi swinga huguta matimba yayona loko yinga vekiwangi kwalano.
Kukuma mbuyelo wakahle xikanwe naku hunguta ntshikelelo wohlayisa, artificial insemination yifanele ku endliwa hi munhu loyi anga tokota. Goza rosungula kutava kutiva loko nguluve ya xinuna yi lulamerile ku endliwa ntirho lowu. Loko titava ti lumurile, tinguluve ta xisati tinga vekiwa na ta xinuna kuringana hafu ya awara hi siku naswona loko yo tlakukela ya xinuna yitava yiri eka leswivuriwaka, standing heat.
Van’wamapurasi votala vatirhisa teaser boar kumbe pheromones ku tiva loko yi lulamerile masangu. Swikoweto swaleswaku ya xisati yilulamele masangu, kuya hi buku ya Danie Visser, Modern Pig Production, yikatsa tindleve letinga yima, xirho xa xisati xitava xitshukulukile naswona loko yitshikeleriwa laha nhlaneni yita yima yinga ninginiki kuriku hintolovelo ayita suka yi tsutsuma. Yita kombisa kutsakela eka ya xinuna hi minkarhi hinkwayo naku ringeta kuva yi khandziya tinguluve tin’wana ta xisati. Kutsakela masangu switala ku teka nkarhi woringana 36 kuya eka 72 wa ti awara.

Maendlelo ya Insemination

©Glenneis Kriel
The catheter should be left in the sow for another five minutes after insemination.
Swa pfuna swinene ku veka nguluve ya xinuna ekisuhani nay a xisati loko ku endliwa ntirho wa insemination. Kuya hi Iowa Pork Industry Centre, leswi swita hlohletela ku amukela ka oestrus kutani swipfuna eka ntirho wa insemination hiku endla leswaku ya xisati yi tswonga ngati ya xinuna kuva yiya eka xivandla lexi yihlanganaka na matandza leswi hungutaka kuva ngati yitlhelela endzhaku.

Modern Pig Production yi tsundzuxa van’wamapurasi kuva vasula thyaka hinkwaro xikan’we naku basisa xirho xa xisati hi thawula ro oma. Pfula milomo ya xirho xa xisati hi voko ra ximatsi kutani u hoxa kahle catheter hi voko ra xinene, leswaku yilanguta ehenhla eka xiyimo xa 45 degrees kutiyisisa leswaku yinga khumbi thundele. Endzhaku ka sweswo, catheter yifanele ku nghenisiwa kuya fika laha kungana matandza kufikela loko kutwala ku nonoha. Ti catheter tin’wana tilava ku jikisiwa clockwise kutiyisisa leswaku ti khiyela eka cervix.

Loko ngati ya xinuna yiri eka catheter, yifanele ku khuluka hiku olova kuya eka cervix handle ka loko catheter yilava bodlela kuva ritshikeleriwa loko ngati yinga se sungula ku khululka. Loko yo ala kungava kuri hi mhaka ya peristaltic wave endzeni ka xirho xa xisati, laha xifaneleke ku humeseriwa e handle.
Ma endlelo lawa yatala ku teka timinete timbirhi kumbe tinharhu, kambe swa endleka ku switeka nkarhi woleha nyana.
Catheter yifanele kutshikiwa endzeni ka nguluve ya xisati kuringana 5 wa timinete tin’wana endzhaku ka insemination, ku yisa emahlweni ka cervical stimulation, tiyisisa leswaku uterine yaha khomanile naswona swita pfuna ku tekiwa ka ngati ya xinuna. Loko ku hetiwile insemination, catheter yifanele ku kambiwa leswaku ayaha salangi na nchumu kutani yivoyamisiwa embhoveni kusivela leswaku ngati ya xinuna yinga tlheli yivuyela endzhaku.
Nkarhi, inseminator na khwalithi ya insemination swifanele ku tsariwa e hansi leswaku kuta langutiwa loko migingiriko leyi yitirhile. Loko kuri na leswi swinga tirhangiki kahle kufana na loko yi huma ngati hile ka xirho xa xisati naswona swifanele ku tsariwa e hansi.
Nguluve ya xisati yi fanele ku endliwa insemination loko ntsena yahari eka standing heat.

Translated by Ike Ngobeni