Kugagabula eK2 - Mapungubwe

Indzawo Yasendzaweni neyaNgaphesheya

©Roger de la Harpe
Liningi letintfo likhomba kutsi, ekuhambeni kweminyaka, bantfu be K2 baphila sikhatsi lesidze futsi bangatshintjwa esigodzini base baseatikhonsola ngekutsengisa nendzawo lengaseceleni kwelwandle lolusempumalanga. Sibonelo, Likhulu letintfo te ivory letatfolwa eK2, kusuka kumatinyo lakhombile laphelile kuya kumigabo yasemikhonweni kuya kumabhengele kuya kumachips.
Umsebenti we ivory uvame kuhlanganiswa ngesimo sebesililsa, letinyo taletintfo betifiselwe kusetjentiswa kutintfo takulendzawo. Incumbi yaletintfo, nomakunjalo, betakhelwe intsengiso yangaphesheya, njengoba kusibonelo semukhwa we ivory lekucatjangwa kutsi kwacalelwa imakethe yase Arabia.
Kugagabulwa kwe K2 nako kwaletsa tinkhulungwane tebuhlalu bemagilasi laphuma ngaphandle kusuka eGibhithe nase Ndiya. Lobu buhlalu lobusetulu, lobutfolwa ngemibala lehlukahlukene lehamba kulibala leliluhlata sasibhakabhaka kuya kuleliluhlata, lebekanikwa ngendlela yekubhadala kwe ivory ngentsengo ye Arab eceleni kwaselwandle. Lobuhlalu bacala kubabuningi kangangobe bantfu be K2 bacala kububilisa bentela kucala lobukhulu, buhlalu, lobubitwa'imigicito yasengadzeni'. Loku bekwentiwa ngekuncibilikisa lobuhlanu buze bunambuluke bese babutsela edziweni lolubunjiwe.
Kucatjangwa kutsi loku kwentiwa bentela kwakha lobuhlalu kutsi buphatseke kahle noma kwentiwe tintfo njengendlela yemali yakulendzawo. Incenye yeTingadze Letigicikako setigucukile etindzaweni letingahlangani nato letingemakhilomitha lamakhulu lamatsatfu khashane. Kulizibitha lelilula lekusebenta ngeligilasi eNingizimu Afrika.

Buhlalu neMabhengele

©David Fleminger
Ekungeteni kubuhlalu, iK2 yakhokha inombolo ye buhlalu be copper kanye nemabhengele, kanye nedetritus ye copper lesebenta (ngemangcoliso ecopper, emacrucibles laphukile kanye nemaphayiphi lafutfwako).
Ngesintfu, icopper ihlanganiswa nebesifazane, kantsi le copper lenhle beyingadlala indzima kumadloti ebesifazane labawahloniphako.
Insimbi, ngalenye indlela, ihlangene nebesilisa, kantsi tikhali tensimbi letiningi kanye naletinye tintfo titfolwe kuletindzawo. Ngalokuchazako, indzawo lese K2 ayinatfo tintfo copper noma insimbi (icopper ledvute itfolwa eMussina, lekungaba ngemakhilomitha lamashumi layimfica kashane, bese lensimbi yona ita kumasimu lakhashanyana.
Loku kusho kutsi bantfu base K2 bebanguloku batsengisa ngaletinye tive letisendzaweni yinye noma dvute nendzawo letinendlela yekungena kuleti tintfo.
Kuyacaca, bantfu base K2 bebatfutfukisa kutsengisa kwabo phindze bakhulisa sitoko semavasi emnotfo kanye nenhlonipho leviwako yetepolitiki.
Kukhona ngisho lizibithi lelisho kutsi incenye bantfu bakucala base Zhizo basala kulendzawo (noma babuyela endzaweni) base bahlala khona eLeokwe Hill, legcinwe kusebenta njengendzawo lesetulu esikweni lebantfu be K2 labanemandla lamaningi.

Sikhatsi seSigodlo

©Shem Compion
Ekungeteni kutentsengo, indzawo letsandvwako timo tibusisa labantfu base K2 ngemasimu lavundzako futsi lakhula umhlambi wetinkhomo. Loku kungahle kungete ekusukeni kwengcondvo yemmgango kuya kundzawo yemasiko lengakavulelwa wonkhe muntfu.
Njengoba bantfu labatsite babaticebi, nomakunjalo, tintfo letatiwako ngabe tagucula nje kuze labo labacebile babe bepolitiki. Nanobekunjalo, kuyashiwo kutsi Sikhatsi Sesigodlo (lesitofika budze baso eMapungubwe) kwacala ngetikhatsi tetinkhulungwane te AD ngelisiko le K2.

Kugagabula le Tibi

©David Fleminger
Lokumangalisako kakhulu, liningi lelwati lelingabekwa etulu ngemphilo kanye netikhatsi te K2 kubelukhuni kutfola lwati ngekubuka letibi, ngekubuka/kufundza. Njengalamuhla, bantfu be K2 bakhokha liningi letintfo tekulahlwa letinkhulu lebetikadze tilahlwa/kunikelwa ngato. Loku kwentiwa ngekulahla idetritus esidvulini setibi, lesibitwa ngesicumbi setibi.
iK2 itfwele inombolo yetincumbi tetibi, letihambela kumathiphi lamakhulu kuya etindlini letincane letinetincumbi tetibi letingemuva kwasemakhishini kuyinye indlu yaguca.
Sicumbi setibi lesisemkhatsini eK2 (lebesingemamitha lamane ngekucina) kubeyintfo lebukwe kiyo yekugagabula, kantsi nema archaeologists abenesikhatsi lesihle ngekubuka kulesicumbi semlandvo wetibi. Sibonelo, lokungetulu kusuka kutinkomishi, tindishi kanye naletinye tintfo letisele letitfolwa kulesicumbi setibi tikhombise kutsi bantfu base K2 bakhuluma indlela yeSishona lensha, ikakhulu iKalanga noma Sishona Sesilungu.
Namuhla,indzawo yase K2 itfwele umgodzi lomkhulu lowagagabulwa ngemnyaka wa 1930 hhayi lokunye. Sicumbi setibi lesisemkhatsini, nomakunjalo, sisabonakala, futsi kugcwalisiwe ngelwati loluningi kumabhodi lachaza labantfu base K2 phindze lakhomba tindlela letiningi letehlukene letatfolwa ngulabaseshako. Ngalokubuhlungu, iK2 kwanyalo ayibonwa tivakashi tesimanje. iK2 isendzaweni leseMapungubwe National Park, ingaphansi kwelikhilomitha linye ngase Mapungubwe Hill.

Translated by Phindile Malotana