iVredefort Ngesikhatsi se Kukhula kwe Nsimbi

© David Fleminger

Tindlela Letinsha

Le ayoni lendzala yaletfwa eningizimu afrika ngeBantu, lowafika asuka eNyakatfo. Leti tihambi taletsa nato tindlela letinsha, letifana nemsebenti wetinsimbi, tekulima ne netilwane tekufuywa, futsi batiwa ngekutsi bahlala enyakatfo yeNingizimu Afrika ngesikhatsi sa 500AD. Loku kucala kwe Nsimbi Lendzala Yekushesha kulesigodzi.
Ngesikhatsi basakateka eningizimu, la Bantu bacala kuhlukana ngemacembu lamaningi, ngalinye ngebuntfu lobusuka ngebuve bawo be 'Ntu'. Kulelingekhatsi lalelive, lababantfu batoba sive sebe Sotho-Tswana labatsetse lendzawo namuhla. Ngaseceleni, batoba sive seMaswati, emaZulu kanye nemaXhosa.

Insimbi Lekhulile yaMuva

Ngaminyaka 1300 AD, lelitiko lekuhlangana kanye netindlela tekuphumelela kwe Bantu tiphucukile ngendlela lesetulu yekutsi sitfola le era njenge Nsimbi Lekhulile yaMuva. Ngalesisikhatsi, lesive sebeSotho-Tswana bafuna kuhlala etindzaweni temabondza ematje, ngalesinye sikhatsi kuphelelisa tinkhulungwane tebantfu. Lena ndlela yatfolwa etindzaweni letifana ne Mapungubwe, lenye yetindzawo tase Ningizimu Afrika teMlandvo. Ngemnyaka wa 1800, letinye tetindzawo tikhule taba tindzawo tasemadolobheni nenombolo yebantfu letinkhulungwane letilishumi nesihlanu. Lidolobha lelimcoka lase Kaditshwe, nasenta sibonelo, lachazwa ngendlela yekuhlonishwa bantfu bekucala bemasontfo lamhlophe kulendzawo.
Tindzawo letingaba lishumi tensimbi lendzala, kanye netindlela tabo telubondza lwematje, titfoliwe esigodzini sendzawo leyiyindingilizi. Ngisho natinye tato letibukeka ngatsi tinkhulu, kepha tigcinwe kahle kantsi nebantfu labafundza ngetindzawo nemabhilidi labaningi bakhile ngekungeta kuvikela kanye nekugubha loko lokusele kwetakhiwo.

Tindzawo tase Vredefort

Indlela yekuma yetindzawo tase Vredefort igcizelela lokukhula kweMkhatsi weNdlela Yetinkhomo lokwaku ngumboniso kulelive ngalesosikhatsi. Lelilitiko lwaboguca ngekhatsi kwesibaya setinkhomo, futsi imelele indlela yekukhula lapho khona tinkhomo bekuyindlela yekukhomba bunjinga nenhlonipho lenikwa loyomuntfu. Ngendlela, sikhulu besihlala enhloko yesibaya nebantfu bakhe'boguca bebalungiswe ngendlela yakhona yebumcoka kuleyo ncenye yekubamcoka. Sibaya Setinkhomo kwakuligcabo lwendvodza, bebavama kuhlangana ngekhatsi noma eceleni kwesibaya nabacedza tinkinga noma nabakhuluma imitsetfo yesigodzi. NgesiSotho, lenandzawo ibitwa i'kgotla' (indzawo yekuhlanganyela). Ngesintfu, emadvodza abengcwatjelwa
esibayeni setinkhomo.
Lugcabho lwamake, ngalenye indlela, kwakulikhaya - akutfusi loko. Munye guca bekavama kufaka indzawo yekubingelela tivakashi nendzawo lebe imbalwa yekulungisela kudla. Besifazane ngelisiko bebangcwatjwa endzaweni yasedladleni ngemuva kwaguca.

Kuhlala Kwensimbi Lekhulile

Letinye takhiwo letatiwako te Vredefort tendzawo yensimbi lekhulile tifaka imigodzi,(tibi kanye nemilotsa) kanye netitjalo letikhulisiwe. Intfo lencane yetindziwo letifile, indzawo yekugcina emavasi kanye nematje lasiliwe atfolwa etindzaweni letiningi.
Lokubuhlungu, bafundzi betindzawo bafundza ngetindzawo tensimbi letikhulile ngeBantu akutsatfwanga ngekubasembili ngesikhatsi seminyaka yelubandlululo, njenganoma ngumuphi umlandvo lofaka labamnyama watsatfwa ungasikomcoka noma uyingoti. Ngakoke, incumbi yebahlali base Vredefort bebapopolwa bafundzi belilanga. Lona mcondvo sewushintjile ngekutsatsa kuminyaka yekugcina lembalwa, nomakunjalo, ngelucwalingo lwebahlali bensimbi lendzal kanye nelisiko liyakhulu kungumanje eNingizimu Afrika.
Yinye yetintfo letenteke muva yekuvukulula kundzawo yase Vredefort yenteka endzaweni lebitwa ngekutsi yiAskoppies (Indzawo yeMlotsa). Yetsiwa ngoba likhulu lemilotsa yetidvuli yatfolwa kuyo lendzawo. Lendzawo yase Askoppies ilulekela endzaweni lengemakhilomitha lamaningana, latfwele tindlu letikhashane letisiphohlongo kanye nelishumi nesihlanu. Yinye yaletindlu letitimele 'esilungwini' tahlotjiswa malula ngemabondza ematje, lokuchaza lingaphandle lelilayini lalendlu phindze ihlukanise ngayinye imphilo kuleyondlu. Lawo 'lomile' emabondza entiwa ngekubeka kahle ematje nemalayini latfolwa kutindzawo letigegeletele, ludzaka belungakavami kusetjentiswa. Faka engcondvweni kutsi letibondza atisiyo incenye yaguca, lebekakhiwe ngelubumba noma lidzaka, kepha njengafenisi wengadze lobowugijima emkhatsini wetindlu.

Bantfu base Askoppies

Kubekwa kwetintfo letitfolwa eAskoppies kukhomba kutsi lendzawo kwahlalwa kiyo kusukela ngemnyaka wa 1680 kuya ekucaleni kwemnyaka wa 1800. Inombolo lenkhulu yetinhlanyelo, leyatfolwa ngemuva kwentindlu kanye nasendzaweni yasesibayeni, ikhomba kutsi bebavuna tinhlanyelo kanye netindumbu ngekunaka imphumelelo.
Noma tinkhomo tatsitsatfwa ngendlela yemali,nato betidliwa ngibo labantfu base Askoppies, kanye naletinye tilwane tekufuywa, letifana netimvu, timbuti kanye netinkhukhu. Nanobekunjalo, tilwane tesiganga, letifaka iSteenbok, lidvuba ne blesbuck, ngekukalelwa emaphesenthi langabamashumi lasihlanu ngekudla kwabo, ngako kutingela kwakuyintfo lemcoka. Tilwane letincane(bologwaja, emafudvu kanye nema guinea fowl) netimfishi letiphuma emantini natobetidliwa.
Ngendlela yekwenta tintfo, iAskoppies iyavuma kutsi nakuletinye tindzawo tensimbi lekhulile kulelive. Ematsambo nematje atfolwa, kufaka tinyalitsi ne tihwayo, lokusho kutsi labantfu bebalungisa futsi benta kubhaca (kusikhumba lesiphuma etinkhomeni kanye nemapelt laphuma ku tingwe kanye nema cheetah). Tintfo tekupendwa, letifana nemabhengele, buhlalu beliglasi kanye netigogo, tatingakavalwa, loku kukhomba kutsi labantfu base Askoppies bebakadze bangenile kulendlela yentsengo phakatsi kwelingekhatsi naseceleni. Emacici emthofi nawo bekagujwa, kanye nemasondvo ensimbi netikhali, lekukhomba kutsi labantfu babetimisele ngemsebenti wekushisela kanye nekulungisa tintfo tetisimbi.
iAskoppies yindzawo legciniwe kepha kuyangeneka ngekuchumana nebantfu labaphetse tebuvakashi labenta sivumelwano lesivikelwe kulomnikati walelipulazi nawufuna kuvakashela lendzawo.

Translated by Phindile Malotana