Ukurhwatjhwa Kwaso
Ikhabe litjalwa ngembewu. Imbewu ingatjalwa ngembewu ehlabathini nanyana amaplantjisi ingatjalelwa ematreyini wembewu atjalwe phasi nasele ikhulile.Indlela Zokulitjala
Tjala imbewu yekhabe itjhingele nge-30 kuya ku-40 mm. Lokhu kwenziwa ngesandla nanyana ngomtjhini wokutjala. Qiniseka bona ihlabathi imanzi ngaphambi kokobana utjale kiyo uthelelele msinya ngemva kokutjala ukwenzela bona imbewu nanyana amaplantjisi angenelele ehlabathini.Iikhundla
Iintjalo zekhabe kufanele zenzelwe iinkhundla ezingaba yi-50 ukuya ku-75cm emareyini ahlukaniswe nge-150 ukuya ku-200 cm.
Ubunengi bentjalo budlulana ngentjalo ezihlangana kwe-8 000 kanye ne-15 000 qobe i-hectare okuya ngokobana mhlobo bani wekhabe, isilinganiso salo kanye nokobana litjalwe ngomncopho wokobana kuyokwenziwani ngalo.
Iinkhathi Zokulitjala
Ukutjala imbewu yekhabe kuvamise ukuthoma ekuthomeni kwentwasahlobo nanyana lada ngenyanga kaRhoboyi kuze kufike enyangeni kaNobayeni eSewula Afrika. Ukulitjala kokuthoma kuthoma lokha ubujamo bezulu buthoma ukufuthumala nalapha amazinga womtjhiso angaphezu kwe-15°C.
Nangabe amazinga womtjhiso ase hlabathini angaphasi kwalokhu kungabangela bona ikhabe lingamili ngeskhathi sinye, okungarholela bona ikhabe lingalingani kwesinye isikhathi lingabhalelwa nakumila.
Abanye abalimi benza amaplantjisi bawenzela kuma-greenhouse ngenyaka ka-Velabahlinze balinde ubujamo obulungileko bokobana bangawatjala, isenzo lesi basenzela bona barhone ukuvuna imikhiqizo yabo msinya, ukwenzela bona barhone ukuwuthengisa msinya emabubulweni.
Ngombana isenzwesi sibapha iimveke ezimbili ukuya kwezintathu zokobana barhone ukufaka imikhiqizo yabo msinya emabubulweni kunabatjali abatjala amakhabe wawo ngokufaka imbewu phasi ehlabathini.
Iskhathi Sokulikhulisa
Isikhathi sokulitjala sihlangana kweemveke ezilisumi ukuya kwezilisumi nobunane okuya ngokobana mhlobo onjani wekhabe kanye nokobana ubujamo bezulu bunjani ngeskhathi elitjalwe ngaso.
Imihlobo yekhabe emincani enganambewu nanyana iintanga ivuthwa msinya begodu iyathandwa ngombana irhona ukufakwa emabubulweni msinya.
Ukuvundiswa
Ukufakwa kwesivundisi kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya ngokwenyeleliso ozithole ngokuhlolwa kwehlabathi kanye netlhogakalo yeentjalo zakho. Isitjengiso sokobana kutlhogeka ini estjalwenii sekhabe kutlolwe ngehla. Lokha nawupetala iintjalo ezivala ihlabathi kanye nekhompowusti ngaphambi kweemveke esihlanu ngaphambi kokutjala, sabalalisa i-350 kg ye-superphosphate qobe–hectare upetele intwezi ehlabathini emamilimitha ayi-500 ngeskhathi sinye.
Ngaphambi kokobana utjale iintjalwezi, lokha sele ihlabathi ilungiselwa ukutjalwa kokugcina, faka nge-disk harrow ihlanganisela ehlangana kwe-800 kg ye-2:3:4 (27) qobe–hectare ehlabathini engaphezulu emasenthimitha ayi-20.
Ngemva kweemveke ezintathu ukuya kwezine utjalile, sele iintjalo zingenelele ehlabathini begodu zikhula kuhle, faka ihlanganisela ye-300 ukuya ku-400 kg ye-1:0:1 (36) nehlanganisela ye-Nitrogen (N) kanye ne-Potassium (K) emareyini weentjalo uthelelele khonokho.
Ngemva kweemveke ezintathu kutlhogeka bona ufake enye godu i-300 ukuya ku-400 kg ye -1:0:1 (36) ukuze irhelebhe isthelo kobana sikhule nokobana sivuthwe. Thelelela khonokho ngemva kokufaka isivundisi.
Ukuthelelela
Ngaphambi kokutjala thelelela kuhle ihlabathi isimu yoke wenze njalo qobe malanga ukwenzela bona amaplantjisi arhone ukwenza imirabhu msinya asebenzise nezakhi ezifakwe ngaphambi kokobana utjale. Hlola ukugandeleleka ngokomkhumbulo okubangwa bubuswe ngesandla usebenzisa igarafu nanyana nge-augur nayana imitha esetjenziselwa ukuhlola ubuswe.
Evekeni kufanele kuthelelelwe ngamanzi angaba yi-30 kanye ne-35 mm okungasenani. Lokhu kuvamise ukuhlukaniswa kabili nanyana kathathu lokha iintjalo nazisakhulako.
Lokha iinthelo zithoma ukuvela, lokha imirabhu sele imilile kungaphungulwa ukuthelelela, kuthelelelwa kanye ngeveke ehlabathi elidaka. Nasele amakhabe kuseduze kobana avunwa kufanele ukuthelelela kuphungulwe, evekeni yokugcina ngaphambi kokuvuna akusatlhogeki bona kuthelelelwe ngaphandle kwalokha amazimba womtjhiso aphezulu, amazinga wobuswe aphasi.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana