Imvelaphi Ehlukahlukeneko yamaVenda

© Dr Peter Magubane

Ukuzinza eDzata

Ngeminyaka yama-century wesine, isifunda esibizwa bona yi-northen province kwanje khabe sele sathathwa Babathwa kanye nabantu bamandulo bakade, ekhabe bakhulumisana ngokobana barhwebelane, and ngokulwa nangemitjhado. Ngeminyaka yabo-7th century abantu bepumalanga khabe baphethwe baNgona kanye naBathwa.

Ukusukela ngeminyaka yabo-800, ubukhosi beMapungubwe bavela busuka e-Southpansberg etjingalanga, eduze kwemlanjeni we-Limpopo ukuya e-Matopo eseMpumalanga. Ubukhosobu baphunguka ngeminyaka yabo-1240, begodu amandla wesentha kanye nokurhwebelana kwafudukela epumalanga yebukhosini be-Great Zimbabwe.

Njengokobana sele kwalandela ukubona kuhlolwe ubukhosi bamaKhami kanye nebamaRozwi, isiko akhange lijame endaweni yeinye stjhingalanga yeLimpopo; Iindlela amaShona kanye namaVenda abenza ngazo iimporo zobumba zathoma eminyakeni yabo -14th kanye nabo-15th century. Kuneboda elakhiwe ngamatje elilingana nalelo elise-Great Zimbabwe epumalanga yesifunda se-North West, kodwana la asentabeni akhombisa ubuhlobo.

Okuphekelela ukuhlanganiswa kwamasentha la, ukusukela ngabo-1400, abaphalali abakhuluma isiShona abuya eZimbabwe yesikhathi sanje (amaVenda ababiza ngokobana ma-Thavatsindi) basuka bayokuhlala e-lowveld. Ekupheleni kwe-17th century, kweza amanye abizwa bona maSingo, imvelaphi yabo ekuma-Rozwi lokha nagade abalekela uDanangombe (Dhlo Dhlo) eduze kwesentha yeZimbabwe, lokha nakuhlukana phakathi ubukhosi bama-Rozwi abafika bazinza e-Tshiendeulu kanye ne-Dzata.

Ukulandelana Kwabadosiphambili

I-Dzata ese-Nzhelele Valley inomthangala owenziwe ngamatje, begodu eminyakeni eyi-60 eyadulako kwaba nokutjhiyelana kwentulo kwabadosi phambili. Esele umlando utjengisa bona ikosi yakhona yagcina sele ingu-Thoho-ya-Ndou (okutjho bona ihloko yendlovu), ekhabe kungeneka kobana kunenkosi ezimbalwa azathatha ibizweli ngemva kokobana zithathe isitulo sobukhosi.

Abanye bathi yindoda eyahlanganisa iinqhema ze-Southpansberg yazenza zatlama isitjhaba samaVenda. Abanye bathi wakhulisa amandla wobukhosi bamaVenda kanye nemigcele yawo yawahlanganisa nenqhema ekhabe zibomakhelwani.

Ngonyaka ka-1760, uDzata watjha wangcongca. Ukobana kwenzakalani ngo-Thoho-ya-Ndou akwaziwa kungenzeka kobana wabaleka nama-Ngoma Lungundu, wayokuzinza, eLimpopo, nanyana hleze wabulawa. Ngokuqimela kwakhe uThoho-ya-Ndou, ubukhosi bahlukaniseka kabili.Ngemva kokobana kube nenye ikosi ethatha isitulo sobukhosi ngeminyaka yabo-19th century kwarholela ekutheni kube nezinye iinqhema ezingezelela isiqhemesi, amakhosi wazo nazo azibiza bona ngewesiqhema samaSingo.

Amavenda anawo namanye amakhosi wemvelaphi ezinye. Imithetho yokobana ngubani ozokuthatha obukhosi ngokulandelako minengi, begodu emlandoni wamaVenda sele kwaziwa kobana kuba nokurarana okunengi naziza ekutheni ngubani okufanele athathe isitulo sobukhosi, okusenzeka nanamhlanjesi.

Imitlhala Yesiko lamaVenda

Nanyana bahlala hlangana kwamaVenda, amaLemba asenza amasiko wabo (afana nokobana angadli inyama yefarigi) okutjengisa imvelaphi yawo ehlukileko.Abanye baphikisana ngokobana amaLemba wesifundeni se-Northen Province kanye neZimbabwe azinzukulu zabarhwebi bama-Arab ekhabe avela e-East Africa kanye ne-Zimbabwean Plateu eminyakeni eminengi eyadlulako. Ama-Lemba ngokwawo akholelwa kobana ama-Jews anzima, begodu azinzukulwani zesitjhaba sama-Israel esilahlekileko.

Nanyana imvelaphi yabo ikuphi, badlala indima eqakathekileko ekuletheni izinto ezifana ne-Iron kanye nerhawuda lokha nabarhwebako. Eskhathini esidlulileko, abafazi bamaLemba gade babavumela kobana bangatjhada nendoda yeVenda, begodu umtjhado wamadoda waLemba kanye nabafazi bamaVenda gade ungakavami. Nange umfazi womVenda atjhada indoda yeLemba, bekutlhogakala kobana enze isiko lokobana abeMlemba. Kusenziwa lokhu nanje.

Ukurhwebelanakanye nokutjhadisana hlangana kwamaTsonga, Lobedu, Zulu kanye nabanye abantu sele kutjhiye umtlhala esikweni lamaVenda.

Ikakaramba yamaVenda: Isigubhu Sababhubhuleko

©Dr Peter Magubane

Isigubhu, Ngoma Lungundu (ekusigubhu sabantu abafileko beMwari) kuyindaba ekuqoqwa ngayo khulu eendatjaneni ngabantu besiqhema samaSIngo: Nange sibetjhwa yikosi lokha nakunengozi, khabe sivikela abantu ekutheni bangahlaselwa begodu sibavumela kobana bahlule amanaba wabo. Isigubhesi khabe sithusa amanaba abaleke ngebanga lokobana athukiwe, awele phasi atsirimezeke, nanyana avele afe.

Isiko lithi sisigubhu senza bona abantu besiqhema samaSingo bathathe ikhambo begodu barhona ukuthatha inarha yeLimpopo. Ngesinye isikhathi, isigubhesi kade sizivelela, uzimu ongabonakaliko uMwari, okhabe ikosi yamaSingo isigubhesi nguye ekhabe asidlala ngokwakhe.

Abanye bathi, angemva kokobana koniwe ama-Dzata, isigubhesi safihlwa erholweni eliseduze ne-Netshiendeulu, abahlali bakhona nekungibo abasiphetheko.

Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana